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Book -..C^v^i— 



OFKICUAL UONATION. 




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ADVANTAGES 



...OF... 



GEORGIA 



For those Desiring Homes 
in a Genial Climate 



Prepared Under tiie Direction of O. B. Stevens, 
Commissioner of Agriculture 



...BY... 



JOSEPH T. DPPP^. 

Historian and Statistic ian 



AND 

R. F. WRIGHT, 

Assistant Conrinnissioner of Agriculture 



M.iui-il l'..hli-hnii: I.... Ailjiiij, <^i 



27 OCT1905 
D. of D. 



>» 



• 




J. T. UEKRV, 
Histurian and Statistician. 




R. P. WRIGHT, 

Assistant CtniimiDsioiiir of Afiriritlttiii 



STATE HOUSE OFFICERS 



JOSEPH M. 'I'KHRKI.l., 
Governor. 

JOHN C. HART, 
Attorney-General. 

WM. A. WRIGHT, 

Com pt roller -Genera}. 

ROBT. E. PARK, 
Treasurer. 

PHILIP COOK, 

Secretary of State. 

SAMUEL \V. HARRIS, 
Adjiitant-Oeneral. 

WM. B. MERRITT, 

State School Commissioner. 

0. B. STEVENS, 

Covimissioner of A(irii ulture. 

R. F. WRIGHT, 

Asst. Com. of Agriculture. 



JNO. M. McCANULESS. 

State Chemist. 
WILMON NEWELL 

Entomologist. 

DR. W. C. BRYANT. 

Slate Oil Inspector. 
W. S. YEATES, 

Geologist. 
Jl'DGE WELLBORN. 

State Librarian. 

JNO. W. LINDSAY. 

Pension Commissioner. 

Prison Commission, 
JOS. S. TURNLR. Chairman. 
CLEMENT A. EVANS, 
THOMAS EASON. 

R:iilro<i(l Commission, 
J. POI'H BROWN. Chairman. 
JOSEI^H M. BROWN. 
H. WARNER HILL. 



SUPREME COURT 



THOMAS J. SIM.MONS, Chief Justice. 
WM. II FISH. Prc.\idinfi Justice. 
ANnRI':W .1. COBB. A.ssoci(ite Justice. 



.lOHN S. CANnT>ER. A.<isociat(' Justice. 
JOSEPH R. LA.M.\R. A-i-wciate Justice. 
HRNUV (; I'l'RNER. Associate Justice. 



SUPERIOR COURT 



Circuits. Judi/es. Solicitors. 

Albany Circuit \V. X. SPENCE W. E. WOOTEN. 

Atlanta Circuit J. H. LUMPKIN C. D. HILL. 

Atlantic Circuit fAUL E. SEABROOK LIVINGSTON KENNA.N. 

Augusta Circuit HENRY C. HAMMOND J. S. REYNOLDS. 

Blue Ridge Circuu ^E0. F. GOBER B. F. SIMPSON. 

Brurswick Circuit T. A. PARKER JOHN \V. BENNETT. 

BUTT S. PRICE GILBERT. 



Chattahoochee Circuit W. B 

Cherokee Circui'. A. W 

Coweta Circuit R. A. 

Eastern Circuit GEO. 

Flint Circuit E. 

Macon Circuit W. 



FITE .. 

FREEMAN 
T. CANN 
J. REAGAN . 
H. FFLTON, 



JR. 



SAM P. MADDOX. 

H. A. HALLS. 

W. W. OSBORNE. 

O. H. B. BLOODWORTH. 

WM. BRUNSON. 

B. T. RAWLINGS. 



Middle Circuit A. F. DALEY 

Northeastern Circuit W. T. KIMSEY W. A. CHARTERS. 

Northern Circuit HORACE M. HOLDEN DAVID H. POTTLE. 

Ocmulgee Circuit H. G. LEWIS .1. F. DeLACY. 

Oconee Circuit D. M. ROBERTS J. A. LAING. 

Pataula Circuit H. C. SHEFFIELD MOSES WRIGHT. 

Rome Circuit W. M. HENRY W. E. THOMAS. 

G MITUIIELI, FRANK A. HOOPER 

A. LITTLEJOHN W. T. KIMSEY. 

S. ROAN W. K. FIELDER. 

L. BARTLETT C. H. BRAND. 

B RUSSELI 



Southern Circuit R. 

Southwestern Circuit 55. 

Stone Mountain Circuit L. 

Tallapoosa Circuit A. 

Western Circuit R. 




GOVERNOR JOSKPH M TKKRKIJ, 




IIU.N. O. B. STKVKXS. 
Commissioner of Agriculture. 



Georgia's Resources and Advantages 

PART I. 
GEORGIA AS A WHOLE 

Georgia, the last scitled of ilie original thirteen States, which united under the 
Federal Constitution to I'orni t!ic American L nion, is the greatest in area of all the 
States east of the Mississippi river. 

At the time of the first Lilnglish settlement at Savannah in 1733, it embraced the 
territory between the Savannah and Altamaha rivers, but at the close of the French 
and Indian war its boundaries were extended to the Mississippi on the west and to 
latitude 31 degrees and the St. Mary's river on the south and still later to 30 degrees 
21 minutes and 30 seconds on the south. (Jut of her western lands ceded to the 
L'nited States in ISO'-l were formed the larger parts of the States of Alabama and Mis- 
sissippi. 

During the war for Independence, Georgia, the youngest and feeblest of the colo- 
nies, bore her full proportion of hardship and danger and was nobly illustrated in the 
field by such gallant soldiers as Elijah Clarke, James Jackson, John Dooly. Samuel 
Elbert, John Twiggs, W'm. l"ew. Lachlan Mcintosh and otiiers, and in the forum by 
Lyman llall, I'.uitini Gwinnett, George Walton. .Archibald I'ulloch, .Abraham Bald- 
win and many more. 

In the war of 1H1> her sons, under (ieneral John l''loyd, won distinction in the 
campaigns under Andrew Jackson against the Indian allies of the ISritish. In the 
Mexican war she was noi)ly illustrated by Col. Wm. H. T. Walker, sorely wounded at 
Chapultepec and Colonel James Mcintosh, killed at Molino del Key. 

In the war between the States, (jcorgia furnished to the Confederate cause nine 
ly-four regiments and thirty-six battalioTi.^, embracing ev'cry arm of the service. 
Many of the most brilliant officers of the SJiuhern army were from Georgia, among 
them being John I!, (iordon. Joseph Wheeler and James Longstrcet. On her soil were 
fought the battles of Chickamauga. Ringgold. Resaca, Xew Mope Church, Kennesaw 
Mountain. I'each Tree Creek, Atlanta. Joncsboro, Allatoona and numerous smaller en- 
gagements and skirmishes. 

During the Spanish-. \mcrican war Georgia furnished more volunteers in propor- 
tion to poi)ulation than any other State. 

Thus at every j^eriod of American history Georgia has taken a cons])icuous stand. 
Her Crawfords, Berrien. Stephens, Toombs. Cobbs, Henjamin H. Mill and Henr} 
(jrady were among the greatest orators of America and no grander pulpit orator 
than George !•". Pierce can be named in the roll of America's great preachers. Sidney 
Lanier also ranks high among American poets. 

Great on these lines. Georgia is also one of the most progressive among our 
States. In the later thirties on account of her rapid growth in manufactures and her 
wisdom and zeal in railroad construction, Georgia received the proud title "Empire 
State of the South." 

It has been said that the South was retarded to such an extent by slaverv and 
so much damaged by the war that she is far behind the rest of the L'nion in the race 



i6 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

of progress. This statement has been repeated again and again until the whole world 
including our own people accept it as the truth. 

Growth in population is one of the evidences of progress, and in this Georgia com- 
pares favorably with any of the "Old Thirteen." The United States census of lOOU is 
authority for the following statements : 

The population of Massachusetts is very nearly seven and a half times as large 
as it was at its first census in 1790 ; 

That of Pennsylvania more than fourteen times as large; 

That of New- York more than twenty-one times as large; 

That of Georgia nearly twenty-seven times as large (the exact figures being 26.8 
times as large). 

We think that will do pretty well. 

From the above named eastern and middle States there has been a large emigra- 
tion to the West and from Georgia there has also been a very large emigration to all 
the States of the Southwest. Here the record is about evenly balanced. 

In 1860 the per capita wealth of these same States was as follows: ^lassachusetts, 
$662; Pennsylvania, $487; New York, $475; Georgia, $611. 

As a refsult of the civil war the per capita wealth of these States was far ahead of 
that of Georgia. In 1870 the comparative per capita wealth was as follows: Massa- 
chusetts, $1,463 ; Pennsylvania, $1,081 ; New York, $1,483 ; Georgia, $226. 

In 1890 the record stood thus: Massachusetts, $1,253, a loss of seven and a half 
per cent, in per capita wealth from 1870 to 1890; Pennsylvania, SI, 177, a gain of eight 
and four-fifths per cent.; New York, $l,43i), a loss of three per cent.; Georgia, $464, 
a gain of 105 per cent. 

We think this record speaks well for the enterprise and progressive spirit of 
Georgia. 

A State that had suffered such shrinkage in values by the disastrous results of 
war and was able so soon to get upon her feet and vie v^'ith her more fortunate sisters 
in the race of progress, must be inhabited by an enterprising, dauntless and intelli- 
gent people, whom no disasters can appall and no adversities subdue. 

But say some: "The South is far behind the North in the matter of conve- 
niences." This, too, is a mistake. Name the convenience known to the North that we 
do not have in our cities, and large towns: steam-heated houses, lit by gas, or elec- 
tricity or both, and supplied with water. AN'herever one may travel, in cities or mid 
rural scenes, he will find comfortable homes and frequently elegant dwellings, sup- 
plied with all modern conveniences. And we are abundantly supplied with telegraph 
and telephone lines, both short and long distance. 

The growth of the cities and towns of Georgia in every section of the State is 
evidence of prosperous farmers ; for a strong agricultural community is back of every 
thriving, growing town. Electric railways give rapid transit to all parts of our cities 
and afford speedy and comfortable communication with near-by towns and villages or 
pleasure resorts. 

Magnificent lines of railway traverse every section of the State, giving to its farm- 
ers easy access to markets ; to the enterprising merchants of her cities and towns ready 
communication w^ith the magnificent farms, market gardens and immense orchards 
that abound in north, middle and south Georgia: bringing to her manufacturers the 
fleecy cotton of her fields, the coal and iron of her mines and the timbers from her 
forests. 

In addition to railroad advantages many Georgia towns enjoy fine water trans- 
portation and thus obtain cheaper freight rates. The Savannah river is navigable for 
steamboats to Augusta, 230 miles from its mouth. Steamboats ply the Chattahoochee 
from Columbus to the Apalachicola and thence to the Gulf of Alexico; to which also 
steamboats descend from Albany by the Flint and Apalachicola rivers. From the At- 






LEGEND 

|Red & Brown Ix>ains— Lime* 11 _^ (tGruy. Sandy or Gmvelly LandSvJ'j 
I stonci & Calcareous Shales. l^^^^^ranatoi.Gncr^s & Mica Schists 
|RcdClav I,ands. I ] San.ly I^n(U— Sandstones and 



iHuniMcndc Rocks. 
iRcd Cl;iy I^nds. 
iMail liedv. 



Areiijccoui Shulo. 
LI* kttwnods. 
iHard Argillaceous Shales. 



s I - , "Ty"*-* '^"iTi-i...,.- ""^"""""T? ^BBH Gray Gravelly Lands. I | Savannahs and Paliiifrlio Fla 

F A N>J I N*-^\L,,nn^^*/ ' J HlchcVity.Mag..eM..nLimesionesl ' 

VuiTfto'^X ' UfilON \'!'JlS^ ^) ^J^^ ^ /^ y Upper Limit of I.ow-l^ind Rice, corresponding ap 

I ,..,y^ \) ' T V\ I.-' , NJ^^pWo^^ >^ -.-.--., proxitniiicly with tli.it of Palmetto Flats. 

.RnUiT lU^^T ''^ '/ \ ' u«r \.>^c^vA T y^ _ _ Noriherii limit of VVirc-(irass, corrcspnndiiiE ap 






\RROlH, f*. 




proximately with Southern limit of (he Wheal crop, 

^« Present approximate Northern limit of Sugar C;»nc. 

Upper limit of Cotton Cnltiirc, corresponding with 
^— Lo 



owcr Limit of White Pine and Spruce. 

AGRICULTURAL MAP 

GEORGIA. 

SHOWINCj SOILS ANUTHK LLIMAIAL 
RANGE OF CERTAIN INDIGE- 
NOUS AND CULTIVA- 
TKD I'RCJDUCTS 

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. ^". 

lanlic steamboats also ascend the Altaniaha ami its biancli, the (Jciiiulgee, lo liaw- 
kinsville, or its other branch ihe Oconee almost lo the city of Milledgeville. The St. 
Mary's river is navigable for the largest vessels from its mouth up to and beyond the 
town of that name. The Satilla and Ogcochee are each navigable for some distance 
from their mouths. The inlets and sounds flowing between the mainland and the 
lovely islands that skirt the (leorgia coast from the Savannah to the .Saint Mary's riv- 
ers are navigable for large steamboats. 

Through St. Simon's sound the largest ocean vessels pass up the Turtle river, a 
short but deep stream, to the chy of Brunswick, the second in importance of the sea- 
ports of Georgia, as Savannah is the first, to whose wharves great ocean vessels ascend 
by the river of that name. 

In Xorlluvest Georgia the city of Ronie enjoys a fine river trade through the Oos- 
tanaula and the Coosa. Into its lap steamboats pour the productions of the Coosa 
valley, such as lumber, iron, grain and cotton, and the staple products of the Oosta- 
naula valley. 

Every section of Georgia is drained by rivers of considerable size with their trib- 
utary creeks and branches and is consequently a splendid agricultural country. 

The Drainage System of Georgia comprises nine basins: the Tennessee basin, 
drained by tributaries of the Tennessee river; the JMobile basin, drained by the Talla- 
poosa and Coosa rivers and their tributaries into the Gulf of Mexico; the Apalachi- 
cola basin, drained b\- the Chattahoochee, Flint and Apalachicola rivers into the Gulf 
of Mexico ; the Altamalu'i basin, drained by the Oconee, Ocmulgee and Altamaha riv- 
ers into the Atlantic ocean; the Ogeechee basin, drained by the river of that name 
through Ossabaw sound into the Atlantic ocean; the Savannah basin, drained by the 
Savannah river and its tributaries into the Atlantic ocean; the Ochlockonee basin, 
drained by the river of that name through Ochlockonee bay into the Gulf of Mexico; 
the Savannah basin, drained by the Allapaha and Withlacoochce rivers and their tri- 
butaries into the Suwannee river and Gulf of Mexico; the Satilla and St. Mary's basin, 
drained by the Satilla river through St. Andrew's sound and b}' the St. Mary's through 
Cumberland sound into the Atlantic ocean. Between these two rivers lies the noted 
Okeiinokee swamp. 

Extent and Topography of Georgia. — Georgia, embracing 5S),475 square miles, lies 
between the parallels of .'Ju -.'I' and ;;'.i" and 35° North latitude, embracing 4' 38' 21". 
This fact would itself insure variety of climate and productions. This variety is in- 
creased by the topography of the country; the northern section containing moun- 
tains of from 3000 to oOUO feet above sea level and having an average elevation of more 
than 1000 feet, while Middle Georgia ranges from ISO to 500 and in a few instances to 
1000 feet aHjove sea-level, and .'^(Uithern Georgia has an average elevation from 100 to 
500 feet. 

Some of the peaks of the Blue Ridge chain of mountains rise to an elevation of 
5000 feet. Some of the most noted peaks are: Sitting Bull (middle summit of Xanta- 
hela), in Towns county, 5.0-lG feet above sea level; Mona (east summit of Xantahela), 
5,03!) feet; Enota, also in Towns county, -l.TOT feet: Rabun Bald in Rabun county. 
4,718 feet; Blood, in Union county, 4,468 feet; Tray, in Habersham county, 4.403 feet; 
Cohutta, in I-'^nnin county, 4,155 feet: Dome, in Towns county, 4,042 feet; Grassy, in 
I'ickens county, 3,200 feet; Tallulah. in Habersham county, 3,172 feet; Yona, in 
White county,' 3.167 feet. 

Twenty miles to the west of the Blue Ridge lies the Cohutta range with an aver- 
age altitude of 3,000 feet above sea level. To the northwest of this range are Lookout 
and Sand Mountain ranges, spurs of the Alleghanies which, like the Blue Ridge, be- 
long to the great .Vppalachian mountain system. The highest spur of Lookout Moun- 
tain range. High Point, has an elevation of 2',408 feet, while Pigeon Moutitain, the 



i8 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

northeastern spur of the same range, has at its loftiest point an altitude of 2,331 feet 
and still another spur, known as Round Mountain, rises to 2,200 feet above the level 
of the sea. Taylor's Ridge with its prolongation, called the White Oak Mountains, 
varies in elevation from 1,300 to 1,500 feet, while a little farther south Rocky Face 
Ridge, rising to a height of from 1,500 to 1,700 feet above sea level, forms the eastern 
watershed of Chickamauga river, which flows through the valley at an elevation of 
900 feet above the sea. Going southward one comes to Pine, Lost and Kennesaw moun- 
tains, the last of which with its double peak is 1,809 feet above sea level. In a rolling 
country of hills and level stretches about 14 miles east of the city of Atlanta, a vast 
pile of granite, called Stone Mountain, has an elevation of 1,686 feet above the sea 
and about 700 or 800 feet above the sunounding country. There are a few other ele- 
vations in Middle Georgia, which, rising to a considerable height above the level 
country, are called mountains, as I'ine and Oak mountains, on the eastern boundary 
of Harris county, and Graves mountain in Lincoln county. Sections of Southwest 
Georgia have hills which rise to an altitude of 500 feet above the level of the sea. 
About 3,000 square miles of the region alung the Atlantic coast have an elevati; •.; of 
100 feet. 

Of nine climate belts found in the United States eight are represented in Georgia, 
tlic lowest having a mean annual temperature of less than 40 degrees, the highest, of 
between 70 and 80 degrees. Of course the lowest in mean annual temperature is 
found on the highest of the mountain peaks. Below the summit of these loftiest 
mountains along their sides the mean annual temperature is betv^'en 40 and 45 degrees 
and corresponds with upper New England and New York and the mountain region 
of the two Virginias. A still larger climate zone of between 45 and 50 degrees of 
mean annual temperature corresponds with portions of New York, Pennsylvania and 
Ohio. A narrow strip having between 50 and 55 degrees of mean annual temperature 
runs northward through North Carolina and Virginia up to New Jersey, while another 
zone of between 55 and 60 degrees and about three times as large as all the preceding 
together, passing through both Carolinas ends in Virginia. 

Nearly all Middle Georgi.i is in a climate zone of between 60 and 65 degrees, 
which corresponds with that of upper Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, West 
Tennessee and Arkansas and pait of Virginia. 

Southern Georgia has a climate ranging betwen iJo and 70 deg' ees and corre- 
sponding with that of Southern ']>xas, Louisiana, Mississippi and upper I'lorida. 

The mean annual tempeiatures at some of the important stations in North and 
Middle Georgia are as follows: At Rome, G1.9 degrees; Gainesville, 61.3; Atlanta, 
61.4; Carrollton, 62; Athens, 63; Augusta, 64; LaGrange, 64.1; Thomson, 64.7. 

For lower Middle and Southern Georgia, these temperatures are at Macon, 66.1 
degrees; at Cuthbert, 68.1; at Americus, 68.2; at Brunswick, 68.1. 

The only station touching the zone between 70 and 75 degrees of mean annual 
temperature is Blackshear with 70.2 degrees. 

The isothermal line of 80 degrees July temperature runs above Augusta and Ma 
con to West Point. In the greater portion of Middle Georgia above this line and in 
North Georgia the July temperature is between 75 and 80 degrees. 

Below this same isothermal line throughout the greater part of East, Southeast 
and Southwest Georgia the July temperature is between 80 and 85 degrees. 

For the whole State the mean July temperature is 81.8 degrees. 

Snow seldom falls in Southern (ieorg'a, and there rarely to a depth of more than 
two inches. The fall and depth of snow increase slightly in Middle Georgia. In the 
mountain region the frequency and depth of snow storms show considerable increase. 

Atlanta, the capital and largest city, near the border of INIiddle and Northwest 
Georgia, situated on a ridge with an average elevation of 1,050 feet above sea level 



Georgia's Resources ano Advantages. 19 

lias a mean aiiiuial icmpcraturu corresponding tu lliai of W ashinglon, St. Louis and 
Louisville, the winters being warmer and the summers cooler. 

The annual average rainfall of Georgia is -lit. 3 inches. The highest is at Rabun 
Gap, 71.7 inches and the lowest at Swainsboro, 39.4 inches. At Atlanta it is 52.12 
inches. For Middle Georgia the average annual rainfall is V.).7 inches; for East Geor- 
gia, 41.4 inches, and for Northwest Georgia (i0..i inches. 

The average of the summer rainfall is: for North Georgia, 13.0 inches; for 
Southwest Georgia. \i.b inches and for the entire State, 13.4 inches. At different lo 
calities representing every section of the State, the summer rainfall averages: in Rome, 
10.2 inches; .\tlanta, 10.8 inches; Rabun Gap, 15.4 inches; .Vmericus, l(i inches; 
Brunswick, IG.G inches. 

Agriculture. — With its great variety of climate, owing to its nearly four and a half 
degrees of latitude and the varying altitudes of its different sections, Georgia can raise 
the greatest variety of products of any State in the Union. The crops and fruits of 
every section of our countrj' are found within its borders. 

On the extreme southern section of its mainland and on its sea-islands are grown 
also many of the fruits of the tropics, such as orani^cs, k-mons, bananas, etc. In ev- 
ery section of Georgia are found pomegranates and figs. 

In Northwest Georgia there is great variety of surface and soil. There is abund- 
ance of land, either rolling or entirely level, well adapted to the growing of corn, 
wheat, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, cow-peas, vegetables, clover, timothy, orchard 
grass, Bermuda, Johnson, red-top and many other grasses useful for hay and pastur- 
age. Fine cotton is produced also as far north as Floyd county, above which very lit- 
tle of this crop is raised. There is also in this section a great variety of the finest 
fruits, such as peaches, apples, pears, cherries, and all kinds of berries and grapes. 
Some of the most noted valleys are Cedar, Texas, Broomtown and Vann's. 

In Northeast Georgia, the most mountainous and most thinly inhabited sec- 
tion, but little over 12 per cent, of the land is under cultivation. Much of the till- 
able land, liowever, has a very rich, dark red soil. Little Tennessee valley in Ralnin 
county and Nacoochee valley in White county are noted for fertility and bear all kinds 
of crops, grasses and fruits. 

Of the area known as Middle (ieorgia T"> per cent, is under cultivation. The cen- 
tral cotton region of the State includes the southern part of Middle and large areas 
of Southern Georgia. The region embraces the sand and pine hills belt, covering 
about 3000 square miles, and the red hills belt and yellow loam region, these two in- 
cluding together about G,650 square miles. Throughout this area, except in the sand 
hills belt are raised large crops of corn andcotton. 

Along the coast lands embracing an area of about -',015 square miles rice is exten- 
sively cultivated and the (leorgia sea-islands produce most of the finest cotton 
known to commerce. 

All over Middle and Southern Georgia grows the sugar-cane, which is richer in 
saccharine matter than any other known plant from which sugar is extracted. 

The average yield of sugar cane to the acre, about 200 gallons of syrup, is far be- 
low that obtained by the best cultivation. Many farmers in Georgia have obtained 
by employing the best methods from 500 to 7iH) gallons to the acre. 

The I'liited States census of 1!)00 reports the crop of 1899. which was one of the 
poorest seasons that Georgia has known in a long time for all kinds of crops and 
horticultural products. By that census the total value of Georgia's agricultural prod- 
ucts was $Sf>,.'?l5.3l3. Of this amount. $43,531,235 represented the value of the cotton 
crop an<l $17,158,868 that of the corn crop. The sugar-cane brought $1,690,000: Iri.sh 
potatoes. $320,856; sweet potatoes. $2,354,390 and miscellaneous vegetables $3,009,301;. 
The peach crop for the census year 0899) was almost entirely wiped out bv late 
frosts. The normal value of Georgia's corn has for several years been in the neigh- 



20 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

borhood of $19,000,000 and the United States Department of Agriculture in 1902 re- 
ported Georgia's cotton crop to be above $G9, 000,000 in value, the sum of these two 
crops alone showing a greater value than all the agricultural products of the State 
combined in the census year. 

Georgia has in her commercial orchards more than 16,000,000 peachtrees, of which 
over half are now in bearing. In an ordinarily good fruit year the peach crop of 
Georgia is worth at least $4,000,000 and in sij^ne years will go far ahead of those fig- 
ures. The agricultural and horticultural products of Georgia combined will in a good 
season considerably exceed in value $100,000,000. Georgia outranks all the States in 
the quality and value of her watermelons. So large is their shipment and sale that 
they rank as one of the great money crops of the State. As many as 316,000 water- 
melons have been sold in Augusta or shipped from that city in a single season. In 
Georgia more than 100,000 acres are devoted to their culture and the number of cars 
needed in their transportation is in excess of 10,000 a year. 

One of the finest and richest of nuts, the common black walnut grows abundantly 
in Georgia. English walnuts and pecans also do well in every section of Georgia. 
There is a large pecan grove near West Point, one in Jasper county, near Monticello, 
several groves in Mitchell county, one of which covers 100 acres; a grove of 1,000 trees 
in Dougherty county, several groves in Berrien county, near Tifton ; also groves in 
Hancock and Spalding counties, a large grove near Rome, trees which bear abund- 
antly in Richmond county anrl in the city of Augusta. 

Peanuts or ground-peas (also called goobers) are raised in abundance all over 
Georgia. The spreading branches of the white peanut lie flat upon the ground, while 
those of the red peanut and Spanish peanut have an upright growth. The Spanish 
peanuts mature earlier than the others and are the surest crop of the three. The pea- 
nuts growing in Georgia's most southern section are valuable for making peanut oil. 
The harvesting must take place before frost. The yield of nuts is from 30 to 50 bush- 
els and some times 100 bushels to the acre. Well cured peanut hay makes fine stocl< 
feed, especially for ewes in lambing season. 

The chufa, a species of ground or grass nut, has a pleasant taste and is highly 
esteemed by some farmers as a fattening food for hogs. 

Cassava (the variety known as sweet cassava) though a new crop to Georgia, has 
done splendidly, wherever it has had a fair trial, through the whole Southern section 
of the State. l-"rom its roots are made the best of starch and from them also can be pre- 
pared tapioca and other excellent dishes for the table. As stock feed they are first 
class. The most important value of cassava is its ability to produce the best starch 
known to commerce. On one acre of South Georgia land with proper cultivation it 
v/ill yield 4000 pounds of starch, while the best corn or potato lands of Illinois or 
Michigan can produce only 1,300 pounds of starch from these vegetables. 

Stock Raising is very profitable to those engaged m it. In North Georgia the 
slopes of the mountains and hills are well suited to the grazing of stock and the long 
level stretches of the wiregrass or South Georgia section are especially suited to this 
purpose. In Southern Georgia cattle and sheep need very little shelter and for only a 
few weeks of the winter. There are in every section of Georgia model dairy herds of 
high grade cattle and many farmers are paying attention to the raising of the best 
types of beef-cattle. Horses, mules, swine and poultry are plentiful for all purposes. 
In 1900 the total value of all live stock on farms, including poultry, was $35,200,507 
and the total value of all domestic animals not on farms was estimated at $2,281,059, 
making in all $37,481,566. 

The number of specified domestic animals on farms in 1900 was: Dairy cows, 
276,024; other neat cattle, 623,467; horses, 127,407; mules and asses, 267,840; sheep 
(lambs not included). 258,891; swine, 1,424,298. Of poultry there were 4,549,144 



Georciia's Resources and Advantages. 21 

chickens, U);^,41(; turkeys, 208,997 geese and Ul,<s;)5 ducks. The total value ul all the 
poultry was $1,1.")S,055. There were 187,919 swarms of bees valued at $21:5,709. 

The Forest Timbers of Georgia are man\ and valuable. Those of Northwest 
Georgia cmljracc si.x varieties of oak (red, white mountain or chestnut, black, water 
and ])ost oak), two varieties of pine (short-leaf and K)ng-lcaf, the latter differing from 
the long-leaf of Southern Georgia), poplar, ash, beech, elm, chestnut, hickory, maple, 
(including the sugar maple), walnut, iron-wood, sugar-berry, sycamore, sweet-gum, 
black-gum, dogwood, persimmon, sassafras, wild cherry, red-bud, warhoo and cedar. 
Many of these are found in large quantities and are useful for the manufacture of fur- 
niture and hardwood finish for dwellings. The oaks and pines are much used in the 
construction of buililings, the manufacture of furniture, farming utensils, wagons, etc. 
Large quantities of the oak and pme are annually shipped. 

In the forests of Northeast and Middle Georgia are found in the red lands, Span- 
ish, white and post oaks, hickory, chestnut, dogwood, persimmon, sassafras and in the 
lowlands of some of the counties short-leaf pine, poplar, ash, walnut, cherry and buck- 
eye. There is more hickory and less pine than on graj', sandy land. With these 
black-jack is freely interspersed. 

Throughout the sand and pine-hills belt of Middle and South Georgia the prevail- 
ing timbers are pines, both long and short-leaf. There are also found some scrub 
black-jack, oak, sweet-gums and dogwood and along the streams are undergrowth of 
bay and gall-berry bushes. 

Among the red hills throughout the section lying between the Savannah and Flint 
rivers, the timbers are oak, hickory, short leaf pine and dogwood, with beech, maple 
and ])oplar on the lowlands. 

Throughout the Yellow-loam region are oak, !iicki)ry and long-leaf pines. 

What is known as the long-leaf pine region embraces 17,000 square miles. The 
forests of this section are a great source of wealth to the .State. The timber lands are 
being put under cultivation, as fast as they are cleared. The pine and palmetto flats 
around Okefinokee swamp furnish large quantities of long-leaf pine, cypress and saw 
palmetto, which are found also along the creek bottom and hummock lands, together 
with black-gum, tupelo gum, titi and maple. 

Throughout the coast region are found also magnificent live-oaks, red and water 
oaks, red cedar, hickory, chincapin, sassafras, cabbage and blue palmetto. 

Geology and Mining. — Georgia is divided into three main geological areas. The 
Palaeozoic (li\isi m in which are represented Cambrian, Silurian. Devonian and Carbo- 
niferous formations is found in the Northwest section of Georgia and embraces the 
counties of Dade. \\'alker. Catoosa. Whitfield. Chattooga, Floyd and the larger por- 
tions of Murray, Gordon, Bartow and Polk. Shales, sandstones, limestone, quartzites 
and cherts are abundant. Valuable deposits of coal, iron, manganese, roofing slate 
and aluminum (or bauxite) are found in this region of parallel mountain ridges and 
valleys. The Crystalline area includes a much larger jmrtion of the State, embracing 
all those parts not in the Palaeozoic area that run north of a line drawn from north- 
east to southwest, thmugh .\ugusta. Milledgeville, Macon and (."olumbus. Here are 
found granites, gneisses and schists, while on the border of the Palaeozoic and Crys- 
talline areas are found the marbles for which Georgia has become famous in every sec- 
tion of the I'nion. The marble belt tra\erses Fannin. Gilmer. Pickens, and Cherokee 
counties, and the most important quarries are found in Pickens county. 

Many localities in the Crystalline arc rich in granite and gneiss, and in sev- 
eral portions of this same area corun<Iuin is found in consi<lerable quantities. 

Before the discovery of gold in California the gold mines i~>f Georgia were highly 
esteemed. For a time the excitement over the rich mines o( California caused a great 
decrease in mining operations in Georgia. But in recent years there has been a great 
awakening in the gold region of the State. The gold deposits are found in four 




< 

X 



z 

> 



Georgia's Resources and Advaxtagks. 23 

belts, of which, the first runs through RaDun, Habersham, \\ liitc, Lumpkin, Dawson, 
I'orsyth, Cherokee. Cobb, Bartow, Paulding and Haralson counties. The second belt 
traverses Ral>un, Habersham, Hall, Gwinnett, Forsyth, Milton, DeKalb and Fulton 
counties. A third gold belt passes across Cobb, Paulding and Carroll counties. There 
is a fourth gold belt which passes tlirough Lincoln, Columbia, McDuffie and Warren 
counties in the southeast part of the Crystalline area. In the counties of Towns, Un- 
ion, (iilmer, Fannin and .Meriwether are scattering deposits of gold. 

The coal fields of Georgia are mostly in Dade and Walker counties. 

The iron ores are in the Palaeozoic area, the brov.n ores being found in Bartow, 
Polk and Floyd counties, and the red ores being mined in Walker and Chattooga 
counties. 

Tiiere are large deposits of bau.xite (or aluminum ) in Georgia. The most exten- 
sive are in Floyd and liartow counties, but this mineral is also found in Polk, Walker 
and Chattooga counties. 

Deposits of Corundum occur in Rabun, Towns. L'nion, Habersham, Carroll and 
Heard counties. Near the Carolina line in Rabun county on Laurel creek is the larg- 
est corundum mine in Georgia and one of the most noted in the L'nited States. 

Of other minerals pyrite is found in Lumpkin county, copper in Murray and Fan- 
nin counties; talc in Murray, F'annin and Cherokee; mica in Union and Fannin, and 
barite in Bartow. 

Near the town of Emerson, in Bartow county, graphite abounds. 

Several precious stones are found in Georgia: amethysts in Rabun county; a few 
diamonds in Hall; some good moonstones in Upson county, and in the northeast part 
of the Crystalline area have been found rubies and sapphires of small size. 

Limestone for calcimining is found not only in the Palaeozoic and Crystalline 
areas in Xorthwest and Northeast Georgia, but also in localities in the coastal plain 
region which includes all the Southern part of Georgia. In this coastal plain region 
marls and phosphate abound. 

Limestone for building purposes is found in beds throughout the counties em- 
braced in the Palaeozoic area and in Hall and Habeishain counties of the Crystalline 
area. Through all that part of Georgia north of what is called the fall line which 
runs from .\ugusta throu.gh Macon to Columbus are found clays suitable for the man- 
ufacture of coinmon brick and the coarser grades of earthenware. 

Immediately below this fall line there is a narrow belt running across the State 
in which are found clays suitable for the manufacture of porcelain, enameled brick, 
china ware, terra cotta. sewer pipes, etc. 

The annual output of all the minerals of Georgia is about $5,000,000. 

Mineral Springs are found in Georgia in the Palaeozoic and Crystalline areas. 
.\mong those of medicinal value are chalybeate, sulphurous and lithia waters. Ac- 
cording to the report of the l'nited States Geological Survey, the output of the min- 
eral waters of Georgia in 1808 was 107.100 gallons, valued at $30,330. 

Artesian Wells are confined to the coastal plain region, .\lmost all this portion 
of the State is underlaid hv pervious beds, which, when pierced by the drill, furnish 
large ([uantities of pure, wholesome water. \ot all these water-l>earing lieds furnish 
flowing wells. But those non-flowing wells furnish large quantities of pure water, 
which can be brought to the surface by pumps. 

The average depths of the wells already bored is about 4.50 feet. The various 
strata penetrated consist of soft hmestones, clays and sands. Thus the wells can be 
had for very little outlay of money. 

The sanitary advantages that have resulted to many towns and localities all over 
the South Georgia coastal plain through the pure wholesome drinking water of the ar- 
tesian wells, are seen in the fact that sections once dreaded as malarial and sicklv arc 



Georgia's Resoukces and Auvantages. 25 

now considered anient,' the most salubrious in the State and arc increasing more rap- 
idly in pnpnlatinr than even the hill country of North Georgia. 

Water Powers. — The streams of Georgia furnish water powers in numerous lo- 
calities in varying amounts from the little cascade tliat runs a small neighborhood 
mill, to the great shoals and falls that furnish from 20,000 to 30,000 horse powers, and 
run mighty flouring mills and cotton factories. 

With the exception of a few notable cases, the largest water powers of Georgia 
occur at or just above what is known as the Southern Fall Line, running from Au- 
gusta on the northeast down through Macon in Central Georgia to Columbus on the 
southwest, where the streams ])ass from the hard rocks of the Crystalline area to the 
softer formations of the coastal plain ; and on the western Fall Line, formed by the 
contact of the Palaeozoic and Crystalline areas in the northwest, passing through 
Polk, Bartow, Gordon and Murray counties. 

Along these fall lines arc located the larger water powers. But numerous other 
powers are to be found at various points on different streams throughout the State. 

Manufactures. — As we have already said, it was on account of her manufacturing 
enterprises and the energy displayed by her in the construction of railroads that Geor- 
gia in the later thirties received the title s;ill worthily worn, "Empire State of the 
South." Georgia still stands with the foremost of the Southern States in the variety 
and value of its manufactures and the number of its manufacturing establishments. 
.According to the census of 1900 the total value of Georgia's manufactures was $89,- 
T89,65G. There have been since that time great strides forward in every kind of man- 
ufacture. In 1901 the United States Department of Agriculture reported an increase 
from 68 cotton mills with 817,345 spindles and 19,398'looms in 1899 (the year for 
which the census of 1900 reported), to 86 mills with 969,364 spindles in operation in 
1900 stated that 28 more mills were completed during 1900, with 13 more in process 
of construction. 

This report agrees very closely with one prepared in the summer of 1901 by the 
Georgia Department of Agriculture, which contained the names of 111 mills in oper- 
ation with 1,192,186 spindles and 26,645 looms. In bleached cotton goods Georgia 
stands fmirth in the L^ii<)n with 24.265,583 square yards. The cotton gins which in 
1900 numbered 4.729, running for four months, have increased to more than 5,000. It 
was while Eli Whitney was living in Georgia that he invented the cotton gin. 

The cotton oil mills in operation in 1901 numbered 58 and paid above $5,000,000 
for cotton seed, whose finished products were valued at $14,000,000. At the present 
time there are 104 cotton oil mills and the increase of their business has been corre- 
spondingly great. 

The fertilizer factories registered with the Commissioner of Agriculture for the 
season of 1903 and 1904 number 145. Many of these do a very heavy business all 
over the Southern States. 

Georgia stands ahead of all the States in the manufacture of turpentine and resin 
and in 1900 exported 14,623,328 gallons of spirits of turpentine and 1,408,928 barrels 
of turpentine, rosin and pitch. There were reported in 1900, 1,254 establishments 
with a capital of $11,802,716 engaged in the lumber industrv. 

Other Manufactures are printing establishments, flour and grist mills, woolen 
mills, furniture factories, ornamental iron works, foundries, blast furnaces, carriage 
factories, car shops, black-smithing and wheelwrighting. manufactories of brick, tile 
and pottery, manufactories of paints, chemicals, ice, electric-light plants, carpenter 
work, canning factories, creameries and numerous others. .Among the most import- 
ant manufactories of the State are the marble and stone works, turning out the build- 
ing and paving stones and splendid niarbles for which Georgia is so famous through- 
out the Union. 



20 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

When the colony of Georgia was founded by Oglethorpe, it was intended to be a 
silk producing country. Eiiforts are being made to revive this industry. In 1902 a 
silk-growers association was formed in Atlanta consisting of members from many 
districts in the State. A plan is now on foot to construe!; a silk mill with a very large 
capital at Tallulah Falls. 

Railroads. — Georgia has a magnificent system of railroads whose total mileage in 
the State is 6,035.33, and is being increased each year. The great trunk lines are the 
Central of Georgia with 1,302.23 miles; Southern with 919.90 miles ; Seaboard Air Line 
with 649.49 miles ; Atlantic Coast Line with 667.70 miles, and the Georgia Railroad 
with 302. 5U miles. The combined mileage of the other railroads of Georgia is 2,194.50. 
Electric lines traverse not only all the large cities, but many of the smaller cities and 
towns, connecting them with their suburbs and in many instances with neighboring 
towns. The grand trunk lines are very energetic in advertising the advantages of the 
sections through which they pass, the Southern and Central being especially noted 
for the good work which they are doing for Georgia. 

Good Roads. — The number of good country roads is rapidly increasing all over 
the State. Among the best are the roads running out from Atlanta to College Park, 
Peachtree Creek, the water works and Decatur. Many miles of well-graded macad- 
amized roads are found in the counties of Fulton, Floyd, Bartow, Bibb. Richmond, 
Jefferson, Emanuel, Spalding, Meriwether and Chatham. The shellroad from Savan- 
nah to Bonaventure and Thunderbolt, also the road from that city to Beaulicu and 
Isle of Hope were noted before ttie Civil War. Some of the macadamized roads lead- 
ing out from Rome in Floyd county are built of hard limestone and marble. The coun- 
try roac's which radiate from Augusta and Macon, forming the favorite drives of the 
citizens, are among the best. The same may be said of the shellroads of Glynn countj 
centering in the city of Brtmswick, and of the well-graded drives through the fragrant 
pines that go out from Thomasville into the surrounding country. 

Miil Facilities. — Not only do the citios and towns of Georgia have the best of 
mail f:ic-lities, but through the bounty of ''L^ncle Sam," the farmers in every section 
have th' rural free delivery which furnishes them letters and daily papers on the date 
of publication. 

Banks. — There are in Georgia 39 national banks with a capital stock of $5,046,000, 
deposits of $20,000,000 and reserve of about $9,000,000. There are 243 other banks 
with $10,100,000 capital and over $30,000,000 deposits. 

Assessed Valuation. — In 1903 according to the report of the comptroller-general 
the assessed valuation of property in Georgia was $467,310,646; in 1900 it was $489,- 
000,000, The bonded debt was $7,531,500 net and the tax rate was $5.30 per $1,000. 

Education. — Georgia is well provided with schools, both public and private. The 
public school system is an excellent one and is constantly being improved. 

It embraces 7,700 schools, of which 4,919 are for white children and 2,781 for col- 
ored. Of a total of 9,180 teachers, 5.997 are white and 3,183 colored. Of teachers who 
have enjoyed a normal school training there are 1,791 white and 447 colored, 2,238 in 
all. The number of pupils enrolled in 1902 was 258,984 white and 216,359 colored. 
being a total of 439,645. 

The average daily attendance was 159,562 white and 105,826 colored, a total of 
265,388. One of the leading higher institutions of learning in the State is the Uni- 
versity of Georgia, of which the principal buildings are at Athens. This has numerous 
branches as follows: North Georgia Agricultural College at Dahlonega ; Georgia 
School of Technology, at Atlanta; Georgia Normal and Industrial College for Ladies, 
at Milledgeville ; Georgia State Normal College for both sexes, at Athens; Georgia 
State Industrial College for Colored Youths, near Savannah. 



Geokuia's Resources and Advantages. 27 

Several other noted schuoiS are affiliated with the University of Georgia, but do 
not receive State funds. These are: South Georgia Military and Agricultural Col- 
lege at Thomasville; Middle Georgia Military and .Agricultural College, at Hamilton. 
The Augusta Medical College is one of the departments of the State University. In 
Atlanta are two medical colleges, and one dental college. 

Two of the most noted colleges of the South are in Georgia: Kmory College at 
Oxford, the property of the North and South Georgia and Florida Conferences of the 
\letho(!:st hpisjopal Church (South) and Mercer University, the property of the 
Baptists of Georgia. 

The first college in the world chartered for the purpose of bestowing literary de 
grees upon ladies is \\'eslcyan Female College at Macon, the property of the Method- 
ists of Georgia and l-'lorida. Shorter College, a Ilaptist institution, at Rome, was 
built and endowed by .\lfred Shorter, of Rome, and .Agnes Scott Institute at Decatur 
was built by Colonel (leorge W. Scott, liberally endowed and turned over to the 
Presbyterian Synod of (ieorgia. Lucy Cobb Institute at Athens was founded mostly 
through the efforts of General Thomas R. R. Cobb, one of Georgia's greatest orators 
a:id most gallant soldiers. Other cxcellenl colleges are: Southern Female College. 
College Park, near .Atlanta; Southern Female College at LaGrange ; LaGrange Fe- 
male College at LaGrange; .\ndrew Female at Cuthbert ; Monroe Female College, at 
Forsyth; St. Stanislaus College for Roman Catholic piiests, near Macon; Young L. 
Harris Institute at the town of Young Harris; Brenau Female College, at Gainesville; 
Piedmont Institute, Rockmart ; South Georgia College at McRae. With the exceptiofi 
of the State Industrial College for Colored Youths at College near Savannah, all the 
above named institutions are for whites exclusively. 

For the colored people there are the following institutions: Atlanta University, 
Clark University, Spellman Seminary, Morris Brown College and Gammon Univer- 
sity, all at Atlanta; Payne Institute, at .Augusta, under the auspices of the Method- 
ist Episcopal Church. South. In the private schools and colleges of Georgia, are HX- 
097 wliites and I.S77 colored pupils, being a total of 14,974. 

Religion. — The leading Christian deno.ninations are well represented in Georgia 
the Baptists and Alcthodists being the most powerful in numbers, wealth and infiu 
ence. The I'.aptists have a total active membership of .^68,000. The church building- 
number 3.5<*^6. Intheir Sunday-schools are 7r),i).j2 pupils. The Methodists have 27'^,- 
00(t ineml)ers. :?,2n.") churches, and 117.S2S Sunday-school pupils. The Presbyterians 
have 18,000 church members, 237 church buildings and 12.f;00 Sunday-school pupils. 
The Congregationalists have 4,714 members, Go church buildings and 4,284 Sunday- 
school pupils. There are 7,976 Lpiscopalians with 137 church buildings and 4,400 
Sunday-school pupils. The Disciples of Christ have 9,805 members. 110 church build- 
ings and 3.147 Sundav-school pu]>ils The Roman Catholics have 20,000 church 
members. 10 church buildings and 2,.'iOO pupils. The Hebrews in Georgia number 
about 6.200. 

Charitable Institutions. — Georgia has many benevolent institutions, some of the 
most prominent of which are: The Orphan House at Bethesda. near Savannah, 
founded in 1739 by Rev. George W'liitcfield in whose honor one of the counties of 
Georgia was named; the State Lunatic .Asylum at Millcdgeville ; Georgia Institute for 
the Deaf and I3umb at Cave Spring; .-\cademy for the Blind at Macon; Female .Asy- 
lum at Savannah; Augusta Orphan Asylum at .Augnsta: Orphan Home of the North 
Georgia Conference of the M. E. Church, South, at Decatur, about eight miles from 
the city of Atlanta; Orphan Home of the South Georgia Conference of the Methodist 
Episcopal Church. South, at Macon: Mumford Institute Home for Bovs and Girls 
near ^iacon ; Appleton Orphan Home (Episcopal), at Macon; Baptist Orphans' 
Home. Hapeville. near .Atlanta, and the Abram's Home for widows (a Hebrew insti- 
tutionL in Savannah. 



28 Georgia's Resources and Ad\axtages. 

State Government. — The present constitution of the State of Georgia, which was 
adopted in 1877, guards carefully the rights of the people and prevents extra^'agant 
appropriations by the Legislature. The governor is elected for two years and can be 
re-elected for a second term; after that he retires. His salary is $5000 per annum. 
The State House officers are as follows: Attorney-General, Comptroller-General. Adju- 
tant-General, Treasurer, Secretary of State, State School Commissioner, Commission- 
er of Agriculture, State Geologist, State Librarian, Commissioner of Pensions, three 
Prison Commissioners and three Railroad Commissioners. 

The Supreme Court consists of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices. 
There are 21 Superior Court Circuits, each having a judge and solicitor. Georgia is 
represented in the National Congress by two Senators and eleven Representatives. 
Thus the State has i;^ votes in the electoral college. 

Political Divisions and Population. — Georgia has 137 counties enjoying such priv- 
ileges of self-government, that one of the United States government publications speaks 
of them as 137 little commonwealths. As has been said already, the population of 
Georgia has shown a steady increase from the first census in 1790 to the last in 1900. 

We give here the population of Georgia at each Federal census: 

82,548 in 1790. 906,185 in 1850. 

162,68fi in 1800. 1,057,286 in 1860. 

252,433 in 1810. 1,184,109 in 1870. 

340,985 in ISSO. 1,542,180 in 1880. 

576,823 in 1830. 1,837,353 in 1890. 

691,392 in 1840. 2,216,331 in 1900. 

The total white population in 1900 was 1,181,109 and the total negro population 
was 1,034,998. There were besides 204i Chinese, 1 Jap and 19 Indians. The foreign 
born population numbered 7,603 males and 4,800 females, a total of 12,403. 

There are 372 incorporated places in Georgia, of which 40 had a population in 
1900 of more than 2,000. Of these 13 had a population in excess of 5,000. Atlanta, the 
capital, had 89,872 and with its usual ratio of growth, has now more than 100,000. 
Savannah, the chief seaport, had 54,244, but at this time has more than 60,000. Au- 
gusta, the greatest cotton manufacturing city of the South, had 39.441, but now has 
45,006. Macon, which had 23,272, has now at least 30,000. Columbus, the second 
great cotton manufacturing city of the South, had 17,614 and is now estimated to con- 
tain 20,000 inhabitants. The other cities of Georgia, which in 1900 had a population 
in excess of 5,000, are: Athens, 10,245; Brunswick, 9,081; Americus. 7,674; Rome. 7,- 
291; and including suburbs, 14,000; Griffin, 6,857; Wavcross, 5,919: Valdosta, 5.613; 
Thomasville, 5,322'. 

Some other important and rapidly growing towns of Georgia are here given with 
their population in 1900: Cartersville, 3,133; Cedartown, 2,823; Dalton, 4,315; Gaines- 
ville, 4,382; Toccoa, 2,176; Marietta, 4,446; Elberton, 3,834; Covington, 2.062; Mil- 
ledgeville, 4,219 (the former capital of the State); Washington, 3,300; Barnesville. 
3,0:36; Tallapoosa, 2,128; Newnan, 3.654; LaGrange, 4,274; Wavnesboro, 2,030; San- 
d'ersville, 2,023; Dublin, 2,987; Hawkinsville, 2,103 ; Fort Valley, 2.022 ; Dawson, 2,926 ; 
Cuthbert 2,641 ; Cordele, 3,473 ; Albany, 4,606 ; Bainbridge, 2,641 ; Thomasville, 5,322 ; 
Moultrie, 2,221; Quitman, 2,281; Madison, 1,992; Eatonton, 1,823. 



PART II. 
GEORGIA BY SECTIONS 

North Georgia. — This section of the State was the home of the Cherokee Indians 
until ls:JS, when these oritjinal owners of the soil were moved to lands west of the 
Mississippi river provided for them by the government of the United States. Al- 
ihonj,']] in Dade and Walker counties are found the coal mines of Georgia, the lands 
there are also very productive of wheat, corn, oats, barley, rye, hay, clover, Irish po- 
tatoes, and vegetables common to both the North and South. Lookout \'alley in 
Dade, McLemore's Cove, Peavine, Armuchee and Chickamauga valleys in Walker, 
cannot be excelled in fertility by any lands of Georgia. The vacant lands, woods 
and mountain slopes afford splendid range for stock, such as sheep, cattle and swine, 
all of which arc raised throughout this section in consideral)le numbers. 

Chickamauga Creek and Chattooga river afford fine water powers, which have 
been well utilized. Uade, Walker, Catoosa, Whitfield, Murray, Gordon, Chattooga, 
Floyd, Bartow, Polk, Paulding, Cobb, Cherokee, Pickens, Gilmer and Fannin should 
all be included in northwest Georgia. This section is rich in minerals such as coal, 
iron, ochre, manganese, bauxite (aluminum), and gold, and abounds also in the fin- 
est marble. The Georgia marble quarried in Pickens, Cherokee, and Gilmer 
counties, varies from pure while to pink, gray, chocolate brown and dark green, and 
has been employed in the construction of noted buildings in every part of the Union. 
Xo higher tribute to its excellence can be given than the fact that with N'ermont so 
near liy, Georgia marble has been employed in the structure of the State capitols of 
Rhode Island and Maine, St. Luke's Hospital and the New Stock Exchange in New 
York and the Corcoran Art Gallery in Washington. To the list of buildings which 
have used Georgia marble in their construction we must add the United States Gov- 
ernment Building at Boston, Massachusetts, and the State capitol of Minnesota, and 
in the interior finish the Georgia capitol and the Piedmont Hotel in Atlanta. From 
Holly Springs in Cherokee county beautiful serpentine has been ijrocured for the dec- 
oration of buildings, as may be seen, in Chicago and in the Prudential Building of .\t- 
lanta. Monoliths of Georeria marble suitable for huge columns can be quarried with 
ease, near Graysviile, in Catoosa county. In Taylor's Ridge and neighboring moun- 
tains, sandstone has been quarried to a large extent. 

Yellow ochre, a kind of iron ore used in the manufacture of paint, abounds in 
Barlow county and much of it has been shipped to England to be used in the manu- 
facture of linoleum. .\t Emerson in the same county is a factory for the manufacture 
of hydraulic cement and near by are c|uantities of iron ore. Graphite also is mined 
here. 

This' beautiful section of the State, in addition to its mineral wealtli, has some of 
the finest lands in Georgia. The bottom and valley lands are very fertile, producing 
the finest of the wheat, rye and oats, splendid crops of corn, every vegetable grown in 
the North and South and on some of the lands is grown the best of upland cotton, 
which from its superior quality commands tl'.e highest prices in the market. On the 
hill slopes are orchards of ]icaches, apples and the various small fruits. Berries of 
every variety and of the finest f|uality are raised for home consumption and for the 
western markets. 

Manufacture, commerce and agriculture all combine to make a busy, jirosperous 
country. Hence growing cities and towns are found on its lines of railway. 




>^ 

a 

El 
!> 



Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 31 

Rome, ill Moyd county, the largest city of North west Georgia, has a very pictur- 
esque situation on hills and in the valley between the Etowah and Oostenaula at 
the point where they unite to form the Coosa. It is a great railroad center and at the 
same time has a good steamboat trade on the Oostenaula and Coosa. It has street 
cars, electric lights, water works, manufactures of iron, cotton, furniture, etc. It has 
handsome residences and public buildings, a good system of public schools, is the seat 
of Shorter College for ladies and is well supplied with churches of the difTerent Chris- 
tian denominations. Population, including suburbs, 14,UUU ; in the corporate limits, 
7,:i!)l of whom 4,457 are white and 2,834 colored. 

Floyd is a great agricultural county, yielding bountifully grasses, clover and all 
the cereals, many of the lands easily yielding .JO bushels of corn and 40 of wheat to 
the acre, and producing besides the best qualit}- of upland cotton. In fruits and ber- 
ries, Floyd is unsurpassed. Pecan trees also bear well in Floyd. 

Cave Spring, in the beautiful and fertile V'ann's Valley, has in its limits a large 
limestone cave m the side of a well-wooded hill, at the foot of which is a spring of 
clear, mild limestone water. This town i.s noted as the seat of the Georgia Academy 
for the Deaf and Dumb, and also contains Hearn Institute, Hearn Female Seminary 
and the W'esleyan Institute. Here also is a plant for steel and manganese and an 
electric plant. 

At i^indale the proprietors of the great cotton factory have erected an elegant 
school building with library and reading rojm lighted by electricity for the benefit of 
the operatives. The lands in and around Rome as a center, range from $io to $75 
an acre, according to location and fertility. 

Marietta, in Cobb county, 1,100 feet abjve sea level, is the next largest town of 
this section, having a population of 4,446, of which 2,516 are white and 1,930 colored. 
\ot far from the footjjf the double-peaked Kenncsaw Mountain, it has pure water, a 
tine climate, good schools, is well supplied with churches, is lighted by electricity, has 
the largest chair factory and largest paper mill in the State, four marble yards, a 
large plant for finishing marble, a canning factory, a creamery and other industries. In 
the beautiful national cemetery are buried 10,000 Federal soldiers. At Kennesaw 
Mountain was fought one of the great battles of the Atlanta campaign of 1864. 

In the iiortlieastern part of Cobb county the splendid water power of the Chatta- 
hoochee has built up Roswell, a growing manufacturing town with two large cotton 
factories and a woolen mill. 

At the town of L'owder .Sjiring are mineral waters highly impregnated with sul- 
phur and magnesia. 

Acworth like Marietta, on the Western and .\tlantic railroad, is in the midst of a 
fine agricultural country and has a large flouring mill, a chair factory and variety 
works for turning out mantels, wheelbarrows, etc. The surrounding country is also 
rich in minerals. Cobb county has some lands which readily yield 50 bushels of corn 
and 40 of wheat to the acre, and also makes good yields of cotton of a superior qual- 
ity. It is noted also for fine commercial peach orchards and raises in profusion all 
kinds of fruits, berries and vegetables. The large poultry farm near Smyrna is one 
of the great enterprises of the county. The oricc of lands in this country vary from 
$15. to $60. an acre. 

Dalton in Whitfield county comes closest to Marietta in size, having a population of 
4,315. of whom .3,356 are white and 959 colored. Like Rome and Marietta, it is well 
supplied with churches and schools, has gas and waterworks, large cotton and flouring 
mills, canneries and flourishing commercial houses. There is here also a college for 
young ladies. Dalton has a pretty situation on the Western and .Atlantic and Southern 
railways in a fertile valley, just east of Rocky Face and Chattooga mountains. Though 
reaching to the Tennessee line, Whitfield County in addition to fine crops of cereals pro 
duces cotton of fine quality and like Floyd, Bartow and Cobb, has good dairy farms 



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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 33 

well stocked with Jerseys and other good breeds. I'riiits and vegetables are raised in 
abundance. 

liclwecn Uallun and Marietta on the Western and .\tlanlic railroad is Cartersville, 
in Bartow county, the terminus of the East and West railroad which runs in a south- 
westerly direction into the State of Alabama. All around this thriving little city arc 
fine cotton, corn and wheat huuls and in close proximity are beds of iron ore and man- 
ganese. Ochre is extensively mined and Cartersvills ranks first in the county in the 
manufacture of ochre and second in the shipment of mani^anese. It has a poinilation 
of 3>I35 of which the whites number i,68o and the blacks 1.455. Cartersville has the cop- 
venienccs of larger places, such as gas and electric lights, ice factory and waterworks. 
It also has manufactories of iron and steel. Bartow county is not only a fine agri- 
cultural region, but is full of manufacturing plants of every kind and enterprising 
towns and villages such as .Adairsv ille. wi.icU has one of the largest flouring mills in 
Georgia, Emerson with its cement and piaster works, Cassvilk- with its tannery, and 
.Mlatoona with its gold stamping mill. 

All through the county in town and country are schools and cluirclKs. 

Polk is a good county for all farm stock. Man\' of the lands have rich soil and 
those of Cedar Valley through which runs Cedar Creek, are equal to the lands in the 
blue-grass region of Kentucky. They double in some crops the productiveness of other 
lands that are rated as good and with other crops more than double them. 

Cedartown, the county site, so named from the growth of cedar in its vicinity, on 
the former Chattanooga, Rome and Southern railway, now a part of the Central of 
Georgia railway system, at the point where it is crossed by the East and West rail- 
w-ay, has manufactories of cotton, cotton-seed oil, knitting mills, an iron furnace, elec- 
tric power cotton gin, a system of waterworks owned by the city and an electric light 
plant. Population .2,823— white, 2,067, colored 756- The State quarry near Rockmart 
seems to have an inexhaustible supply of slate for roofing. At this place is the flour- 
ishing Piedmont Institute for boys and girls. 

Chattooga is a county of market gardens, orchards, minerals and manufactories on 
a large scale. Splendid crops are raised of corn, wheat, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, 
also some cotton. It is a fine country for hay. No finer peaches or strawberries are 
raised anywhere than on its hills and ridges. 

Iron, bauxite, clay, limestone, manganese, coal, slate, talc and sandstone abound. 
Iron is mined at Dirtscller Mountain, near the town of Lycrly, at Shinbone Ridge near 
Menlo and Taylor's Ridge near Summerville, and in the town limits of Summerville 
bauxite is mined. Red iron ore is found in six different veins. Chert is shipped from the 
neighborhood of Summerville in great quantities. This well built town is surrounded 
by prosperous farms cultivated after the most approved methods. Near by also are 
large cotton mills. 

Trion with its extensive cotton mills is the largest town in the countv (population 
1.926). 

I'lour, grist, saw mills and tanneries are scattered over the county and schools and 
churches are in every neighborhood. 

In this county are the beautiful and fertile valleys of Chattooga, Broomtown and 
Armuchee. 

Catoosa county has fine farming lands with prosperous farms and gardens and rich 
deposits of building stones of which the sandstones and limestones are of superior quali- 
ty. In this coimtv is the noted health resort known as Catoosa Springs, famed for 
tlie varied mineral waters. The county has flour, grist and lumber mills and is well 
supplied with schools and churches. Ringgold is its county site beautifullv situated 
on the north and west of Taylor's Ridge. Named for the gallant Marylander who 
lost his life in the first battle of the Mexican war, this little town was it.self the scene 
of the gallant combat by which General Cleburne in November i<%3 saved the artillerv 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 35 

and trains of Bragg's defeated army, fur which he and his troops received the thanks 
of the Confederate Congress. 

Gordon comity, well watered by the Oostenaula, Coosawaltee and Connesauga riv- 
ers, has soils similar to those of I'loyd and Bartow, producing the finest of wheat, 
oats, rye, corn, potatoes of both kinds, every variety of vegetables and cotton of good 
quality. It is also a good fruit county. U has deposits of bauxite, limestone, iron and, 
near the town of Calhoun, black and variegated marbles. 

Most of the products of the county are marketed at Calhoun, situated in the rich 
valley of the Oostenaula on the Western and Atlantic railway. Kcsaca. nametl for the 
second battle of the Mexican war, was itself the scene of fierce fighting in May, 1864, 
as was also L.ay's Ferry. 

Flour and grist mills, a large brickyard and many small industries and good com- 
mercial houses add to the comforts of the people. Schools and churches are scattered 
all over the county. 

Paulding county has fine bodies of land along the Tallapoosa river, Pumpkinvinc, 
Sweetwater and other creeks, yielding abundantly of the crops already mentioned as 
produced by other counties of this section. 

During the campaign of 1864 for ten days, from May 25th to June 4, there was con- 
stant fighting along the line of Pumpkinvine creek from Dallas to Allatoona, marked 
by the fierce combats of New Hope church, Pickett's Mill and Dallas, the whole series 
of battles and skirmishes being called by both Johnston and Sherman the battle of New 
Hope Church and pronounced by Sherman a drawn battle. 

There are good water powers on some of the streams and some of them are util- 
ized by grist mills. 

With plenty of good freestone water and a healthful climate and schools and 
churches this is a fine country in which to make a home. 

Murray county, though not yet traversed by a railroad, is in easy distance of two 
great lines and through the Coosawattee which empties into the Oostenaula it has 
steamboat transportation to Rome, the leading market of Northwest Georgia. The 
Western and Atlantic railroad runs close to its southwestern line, and Dalton in Whit- 
field county, where this road crosses the Southern railway, it is the chief market for a 
large part of Murray county. Well watered by the Connesauga and Coosawattee 
rivers and their branches, the lands are fertile, producing in abundance the crops al- 
ready mentioned in the counties of this section and affording also fine (>asturage for 
sheep and cattle. This county is rich in minerals and on the Cohutta Mountains, which 
cross its eastern section, profitable mining has been done. 

Along this beautiful range in sheltered orchards some of the most luscious fruit is 
grown. 

Spring Place, the county site, in the midst of charming scenery, with the Cohutta 
Mountains in full view, has a handsome Court House, good schools and churches, which 
are scattered also over every section of the county. 

All over the county are mineral springs, of which the Cohutta Springs, ten miles 
from Spring Place, are the most noted. , 

Cherokee, Gilmer, Pickens and Fannin are traversed by the Atlanta, Kno.wille and 
Northern Railways, from which at Blue Ri Ige, the county site of Fannin, there runs 
off a branch road to the northeast. These counties have already been mentioned as 
famous for their rich veins of beautiful marble of several varieties. Cherokee is also one 
of the chief gold mining counties of Georgia and has besides deposits of iron, mica, talc, 
marble and other minerals. Near Canton, the county site is a spring, strongly im- 
pregnated with alum and noted for great curative powers. This town, beautifully 
situated on an eminence around whose base flows the Etowah river, has a mill for saw- 
ing and finishing marble and for monumental work. 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 37 

l-rom the village of I '.all liiound runs a short railroad about leu miles long to the 
quarries. 

I'ckcns is noted for its great abundance of the finest marble, of which vast quanti- 
ties are blocked out in the quarries and conveyed to Marietta over the Atlanta, Kno.xville 
and Northern railroad. At and near Tate are some of the richest marble quarries 
of the L'nitcd States. The crops are thos^- already mentioned as belonging to this 
section of Cieorgia and the valley lands are exceedingly fertile. 

At Waleska, eight miles from Canton, is the Reinhardt Norsiial College, a fine 
school for boys and girls. 

The valley lands of Fannin and (jilmer are also very productive. Gold and copper 
are found in Fannin and gold and iron in Gilmer, in which latter county there is also 
great abundance of beautiful marble, both the pure while and \ariegated, limestone, 
sandstone, mica, slate and granite. Cotton is not raised in Fannin and very little in Gil- 
mer. I'.ut there arc in the valleys fine crops of wheat, corn, barley and oats. All vege- 
tables do well. 

Apples of fine quality are raised in both these counties and can be kept almost 
from one end of the year to the other. 

At IMorganton in Fannin is the North Georgia Baptist College, a fine institution. 

The railroad has greatly developed both of these counties, as may be seen from 
the fact that the town of Blue Ridge, the county site of Fannin, had in 1890 only 
264 inhabitants and in 1900 contained a population of 1.148. nearly all being white. 
The negroes in I*"annin county number only 2<)6 in a total population of 11,214 ^nd in 
Gilmer county "jj out of a total of 10,198. 

The eastern section of North Georgia embraces the counties of Forsyth, Dawson. 
Lumpkin. Union, Towns, White, Hall, Rabun, Habersham, Banks, Franklin and Hart. 

Rabun. Towns and Union form the northern tier of these counties. Close to the 
northwestern corner of Union county passes the railroad that runs from Blue Ridge in 
Fannin county to Murphy in North Carolina and a road from Tallulah Falls running 
northward through Rabun to Franklin in North Carolina is rai)idly approaching comple- 
tion. With these exceptions this part of the mountain section of Georgia is without 
railroad facilities. The counties of White, Lumpkin, Dawson and I'orsyth are also as 
yet without such advantages. In Towns tlure is abundance of granite and serpentine 
<iuarrics for building. Iron, chrome, magne.ite, manganese, asbestos, talc, ochre, yellow 
and red plumbago, buhr, some gems and plenty of corundum arc found. .\t Tate 
City, there is a large plant for mining corundum. The mountain streams afford fine 
water powers. .\t Young Harris is a Methodist college and at Hiawassee is one be- 
longing to the Baptists. 

In the western part of Union arc found iron ore, alum, >ul|)hale of iron and granite 
quartz. There are large quarries of millstone of excellent (|uality. On Ivy Log, Brass 
Town and Coosa creek gold has been found and also variegated marble. 

The mineral products of Rabun are gold, copper, corundum, mica, asbestos and 
sandstone. Iron, carbonate of iron and alum are found. 

The celebrated Tallulah Falls, a succes^sion of beautiful cascades and a grand 
chasm afford some of tlic most picturesque views in the Ignited States. 

The apples, cabbages and chestnuts proluccd in this part of the State arc very fine. 
Lumpkin county is in the heart of the g ild belt of Georgia. Many millions of dol- 
lass have been taken from its mines and for the last half century the vicinity of 
Dahloncga. its countv site, has been the center of the most extensive gold mining 
operations of Georgia. Just east of Dahlonega is a long line of high ridges and hills 
extending many miles to the southeast, which form the axis of the gold belt and are 
covered all <iver with the prospector's pits, cuts and tunnels. There are twelve gold 
mines now in operation payng good dividends. In almost every part of the county 
•rold i=; fiiund and the evidence of its exist-ence every where meets the eye. 



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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 39 

Dahloncga, with a population of 1,255, strctclies along a high hill commanding a 
fine view of Walker's Mossy Creek and Yonah mountains. 

In White county, which was formed from Lumpkin and Habersham counties, 
were discovered the first gold mines in Georgia. Gold and absestos are still mined 
to a considerable extent. There are sexeral mines of gold and (juarries of asbestos and 
five successful gold mills. 

The beautiful Nacoochee Valley, as fertile as it is fair, is in White county. 

Dawson county is also in the gold region. On nearly every branch that flows 
into the Etowah from its north side is a placer gold mine and from the bed of the 
river itself large quantities of gold have been taken and washed out with an iron pan, 
rewarding well the labor thus employed. In this county are the falls of .Vmicalola, 
from the summit of which the api>caraiice of the range of mountains to the South, and 
west, can scarcely be suspassecl in grandeur. 

Forsyth is another gold county. Some of the mines have yielded large amounts 
of gold. Much of the scenery is beautiful, especially in the neighborhood of Gum- 
ming, the county site. Some silver and copper have been found in this count}'. 

In Hall county there are profitable gold mines and iron, lead and silver arc found 
in small quantities. Large quantities of brick and lime are made and there is a large 
supply of building stones. This county has several valuable waterpowers aggregat- 
ing 6,000 horse-powers, some of which are utilized by flour and grist mills. 

Gainesville, the county site, on the Southern Railway about 53 mills from At- 
lanta is a growing city in a fine farming county, with manufacturing establishments 
of many kinds including great cotton mills in and around its corporate limits. The 
electric light plant and waterworks are owned by the city. The Gainesville, Jeffer- 
son and Southern Railway connects Gainesville with Monroe and Social Circle in 
Walton county and by another branch with Jefferson in Jackson county. Gainesville's 
total population is 4.382, of which 3.196 are white and 1,186 are colored. In this city 
are Brenau College and Conservatory of Music for ladies and the Georgia Military In- 
stitute for young men. Later estimates place the population of Gainesville at 6,500. 

In Habersham county are found iron ore of superior quality, while granite of the 
very best is found in apparently an inexhaustible supply. There are also large depos- 
its of gold, copper, manganese ochre, marble, slate, graphite, mica, talc and sand- 
stone. Asbestos is being profitably worked. Toccoa is a thriving town of 2,176 in- 
habitants on the Southern railway at ttie junction of the Elberton branch with the 
main trunk line. Within three miles of the town is the beautiful fall of Toccoa. Dem- 
orest On the Tallulah Falls Railway has a good trade and commands from all sides a 
lovely view. Clarkesville on the same railway, from its high ridge near the Soque 
river, presents to the eve of the tourist a magnificent view of the surrounding country. 

Cornelia is a growing place on the Southern Railway with several manufacturing 
establishments. 

Banks, Franklin and Hart complete the list of North <;eorgia counties. These 
are fine agricultural counties, but in Franklin and Hart there are also extensive man- 
ufactories, cspec'allv in and around Lavonia and Rovston in Franklin countv and in 
Hartwell and vicinitv in Hart countv. Lavunia. the largest town in Franklin county. 
on a branch nf the Southern Railwav. has in the town and suburbs, a population of 
2.093. -^t Hartwell is the Hartwell Collegiate institute. 

All these Northeast Georgia counties have splendid lands for the production of 
the staple crops which we have alreadv named in the counties of Northwest 
Georgia, excellent also for vegetables and fruits. In the upper tier of the motintain 
counties cotton is not raised. In inanv localities t<ibacori is cultivated and some of the 
farmers make a fair profit from its sale. Splendid apples are raised all over North 
Georgia and the most luscious peaches are produced in the great orchards that dot 
the tops and slopes of the hills in all the counties traversed by the various lines of 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 41 

railway on the western side ami the Southcorii railway and its branches on the eastern. 
Mr. I. C. Wade, a Northern gentleman and e.x-L'nion soldier, at one time land and in- 
dustrial agent of the Southern railway, now makes his home at Cornelia and con- 
siders that region one of the garden spots of the world, lion. O. B. Stevens, Commis- 
sioner of Agriculture, has orchards of apples and peaches at Cornelia and considers 
them a splendid investment. Strawberries and raspberries of the finest varieties are 
raised in profusion all over the counties of Northwest Georgia along the lines of the 
Western and Atlantic, the Southern, the Central of Georgia, the Chattanooga South- 
ern and the Alabama Great Southern, and in Northeast Georgia along the Southern 
and its branches. Grapes too are abundant and in the vineyards around Cornelia and 
at other points are found the best varieties. Most of the chestnuts sold in the cities 
and towns of Georgia in the fall and winter are raised in the northern tier of coun- 
ties. The most magnficent cabbages, white and crisp, are raised in this same section, 
as are also turnips of great size and excellent flavor. All the vegetables of the North 
and of the South are grown in these highly favored localities. 

All the grasses and clover are grown to perfection and all kinds of live-stock 
thrive and give good profits to tht)se who raise them. Poultry, eggs and honey are 
abundant and the man who knows how to make a good farm in any other part of 
the United States can find here all that heart can wish. 

There are also vast stretches of forest land having all kinds of hardwood, such 
as oaks of several varieties, pines of two varieties, poplar, ash, beech, elm. chestnut, 
hickory, maple, walnut, iron wood, sugar berry, sycamore, sweetgum, dogw-ood, per- 
simmon, sassafras, wild cherry, cedar and buckeye. These woods are being utilized in 
all the customary ways. 

All the cities and towns of any commercial importance have good banking facil 
ities, well equipped stores, good schools and churches. In the thinly settled moun- 
tain regions of course church and school advantages are not so good, and yet there is 
scarcely a corner into which Christian ministers have not borne the light of the gos- 
pel or the school teacher carried the torch of knowledge. The climate is bracing 
and healthful, the water pure and cool, the scenery often charming in its beauty or 
awe-inspiring in its grandeur. 

There are many i-ough and rugged places and one often meets rude and unlettered 
people. But show us the country that is devoid of such drawbacks. 

The advantages of North Georgia far outweigh the disadvantages, and taking it 
all in all. one can hardly find a more inviting field for enterprise or for the building 
of happy homes. 

To the tourist. Northwest Georgia possesses many attractions, especially along 
the Western and Atlantic railroad, the scene of many combats in the Atlanta cam- 
paign of 1864. At Chickamauga. the scene of a great battle in September. 1863, is a 
beautiful national park and here were assembled during the Spanish .American war 
sons of the men who had so bravely grappled with each other in the sad days of 
strife. 

Middle Georeia. — The Southern tier of the counties that have been described un- 
der the head of North Georgia is often included in Middle Georgia. The counties just 
south of them, viz.: Elbert. Madison, Jackson. Gwinnett. Milton. DeKalb. Fulton. 
Douglas, Carroll and Haralson, althoueh along the lower edsie of the Piedmont region 
and considerably above the center of the State, are generally regarded as being in the 
Northern iiart of what is known as ^f'Hdle Georeia. while Richmond. Warren. Han- 
cock. Baldwin. Jones. Bibb. Crawford, L'pson. Talbot and Muscogee mav very prop- 
erly be considered as on the Southern border of the middle belt. Tn the balance of 
this sketch of Georgia, in order to avoid constant repetition, let us say that scliools 
and churches abound in every citv, town and village and throughout the rural dis- 
tricts. Again, although through Middle Georgia we have corn, wheat, oats, rye, and 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 43 

other crops like those of North Georgia, let it b" remembered that this is the home 
of cotton, the chief money crop of this section. 

After the close of the war of the Revolution, beginning at the eastern counties, 
the immigrants wlio poured into Georgia from Virginia and the Carolinas, rapidly ex- 
tended their settlements westward, encroavdiing more and more upon the lands of the 
Indians, until after tiie removal of the various nations of the Creeks beyond the Mis- 
sissippi the whole of Middle Georgia became the home of the while man, who, with 
his negro servants, o|K'ned up field after field and built towns and villages. Among 
the early settlers the \'irginians were so numerous that the Indians, as we are told 
by Governor Cjilmer, nearly always spoke of the Georgians as \'irginians. 

As towns grew up and became centres of trade, railroads from the eastern side 
of the State were built to reach them. First came the Georgia Railroad, running 
from Augusta up into the Piedmont section, then the Central from Savannah. These 
roads, with their numerous branches, soon brought all the important towns of Mid- 
dle Georgia into communication with each other and they began to grow rapidly in 
wealth and importance. The Georgia railroad was begun in 1833 and was largely 
owned by residents of .\ngusta, while the Central was a great enterprise of the citi- 
zens of Savannah and was begun a short wliilc after the Georgia railroad. The chief 
cities of Middle Georgia in the order of their size are Atlanta, Augusta, Macon, Co- 
lumbus and .Athens. While railroads have been a very important factor in their up- 
building, they owe their chief importance to the fact that they furnish the most con- 
venient markets for the rich upland agricultural region in which they are located and 
have abundance of cotton, lumber and other materials necessary for manufacturing. 
The splendid water powers found all through the Middle Georgia counties began to 
be utilized way back in the thirties ami flour, grist and cotton mills began to spring 
up on everv side. Agriculture, railroads and manufactures conspired to build up all 
the cities and towns of this section. 

Atlanta, the youngest of all these cities, is now the largest city between Wash- 
ington and New Orleans. In 1837 the Southeastern terminus of the Western and .-Xt- 
lantic railroad was established near where the Union Passenger Depot now stands 
('1904), and Terminus was the name given to the site thus chosen. Soon afterwards 
the Georgia railroad was extended to this point. The Macm and Western came next 
and the new railroad center was in 1843 named Marthasville in compliment to the 
daughter of ex-Governor Lumpkin, who had been distinguished by his great interest 
in railroad enterprises in Georgia. On the 2Qth of December, 1847, ^^'^ legislature in 
corporated as the city of .Atlanta the new town which was already giving evidence of 
rapid growth. Its name is derived from .Atlantic, because it was considered as the 
gateway for trade from the west seeking a passage through Georgia to the Atlantic 
ocean. Hence also the title "Gate City." often applied to it. By the United States 
census of 1830 the population was 2,572. Until 1833 it was in the limits of DeKalb 
county of which Decatur was. as it still is, the county site. In that year the county 
of Fulton was formed and .Atlanta made the county site. By the census of i860 the 
population of Atlanta was 0.334. During the civil war it was the seat of important 
industries, the chief object of which was the upholding of the military power of the 
Confederate States. Hence it became the prize for which desperate battles were 
fought and at last was captured bv the powerful army under General Sherman (Sep- 
tember 2nd, 1864). When Sherman started to the sea (November 13th, 1864), he or- 
dered everything burned except the mere dwelling houses and churches and no pre- 
cautions were taken to prevent the spread of the flames. Only 430 houses, including 
dwellimrs and churches, escaped. Stores, workshops, mills, and most of the residences 
were reduced to ashes. Even before the close of hostilities in the following spring, 
the people began to return and rebuild the ruined city. Before the approach of the 
hostile army, the population of Atlanta had reached 14,000. There were very few of 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 45 

these who did not rcliirii, and, soon after peace had come to stay, new citizens from 
all over tlie South and North began to flock in and by the census of 1870, a little over 
five years from the time of its destructinn, Atlanta numbered in its corporate limits, 
21,789 inhal)itants. 

The city was made the ca[)ital of Georgia in 1868, and in 1877 the people of 
Georgia voted to make it their permanent capital. The handsome capitol building 
was erected on a lot donated by the city during the administration of Governor Mc- 
Daniel and cost $1,000,000. It enjoys the distinction of being one of the few public 
buildings in the United States, whose cost came within the ajipropriation set apart 
for its completion. 

By the census of i(>oo. the population of Atlanta was 89,872, and, including the im- 
mediate suburbs, 103,000. The white population in the corporate limits was 53,908, 
and the colored 35,<)67. On every side are still to be seen the evidences of rapid 
growth, and judging by the past, one can safely place the population at this time as 
considerably over 100,000. 

Atlanta is one of the best built cities of the United States. Handsome public and 
private buildings, splendid hotels, handsome churches and elegant school buildings be- 
speak enterprise and increasing wealth. Its miles of well paved streets extend out 
from the city into first class Mc.\damized roads. 

Electric cars bring it into close connection with all the suburban villages and 
towns and electric lights make its main thoroughfares at night almost as bright as 
day. In the city limits and in its vicinity arc great manufactories of various kinds and 
Its commerce is extensive and rapidl}- growing. 

Located in Atlanta are the Technological School for whites. .Atlanta University 
and Clark University for colored, a law college, business colleges, medical colleges and 
two dental colleges. 

Besides .-\tlanta there are in Fulton county the following towns : East Point (pop- 
ulation, 1. 313). College Park (population, 517), Hapevillc (population, 430), Oakland 
City (population, 823). At College Park is the Cox College, a well equipped and up- 
to-date institution; at Hapeville, the Baptist Orphans' Home, and at East Point many 
important manufacturing plants. Hapeville is on the Central of Georgia railway in 
close connection with Atlanta. College Park and East Point are on both the steam 
and electric railway lines. Edgewood with a ])oj)ulation of 1,285. a suburb of At- 
lanta, is in DeKalb county. 

Decatur, the county site of DeKalb. six miles from the Union Depot in Atlanta. 
and connected with that city by the Georgia railway and three electric lines, is the 
seat of Agnes Scott Institute for young ladies. Near by is the Orphan Home of the 
North Georgia conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, South, and in the vicin- 
ity are cotton mills and fertilizer factories. Population, i,.|i8. 

The town of Stone Mountain on the Georgia Railroad, about ten miles northeast 
of Decatur, derives its name from a great mountain of granite 1,500 feet above the level 
of the sea and 900 feet above the surrounding country. From the quarries at and 
near this mountain are cut immense (piantities of the best granite to be found in the 
L'nited States, and at Lithonia in the southeastern part of DeKalb couTity, the quar- 
ries of gneiss bring handsome profits to their owners. 

In Gwinnett county, Lawrenceville, the county site on the Seaboard .Air Line rail- 
way, and Buford on the Southern, are thriving towns. Buford, the larg- r, with a 
population of 1,352, lias three large harness factories, one smaller one and four tan- 
neries ancl at Lawrenceville is a cotton mill. 

In this county granite is abundnnt, iron, quartz and buhrstonc are found and 
there is some gold in the Chattihoochee river and at a few other points. 

In Milton county on the upper edge of I'nlton there i< ;il>iind;iiir.' nf timber and 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 47 

stone for building purposes. Though no railroad passes through the county, the 
Southern Railway runs close by its boundary line. 

Douglas, Carroll and Haralson counties are brought into close touch with Atlan- 
ta by one of the lines of the Southern Railway. In each of these counties there is 
abundance of hard wood, and some pine. The water is cool and healthful, the cli- 
mate bracing. In Douglas county are the Uthia springs, a favorite health resort, whose 
waters are highly prized for their medicinal properties. 

In Carroll county gold, copper, iron, pyrites, mica and asbestos are found in work- 
able quantities. The gold is said to be of very fine quality. Near Villa Rica is an 
extent of country si.x miles long and one mile wide are several mines yielding large 
amounts of gold. (Juartz and granite are also found. 

Gold is mined extensively in Haralson county, also, and the Royal Gold Mine at 
Tallapoosa has a plant which cost $200,000. This is a great county for vineyards 
and near Tallapoosa are two wineries, one of which manufactures unfermented wine. 

Tallapoosa, the county site, has a population of 2,128 inhabitants. 

Among the manufactories of Haralson county may be mentioned a glass factory, 
a charcoal pig iron furnace, and flour, gnat and saw mills. 

A cotton mill and cottonseed-oil mills are among the manufactories of Carroll- 
ton, the county site of Carroll county. 

In Campbell and Coweta counties there are inexhaustible supplies of granite, ex- 
tensive deposits being in the vicinity of Newnan, while near Grantville gold is ob- 
tained in payable quantities. In both these counties and in Troup county are large 
manufacturing establishments. The fruit industry of Coweta is steadily growing. 
Xine nidcs east of Newnan is Vina Vista, one of the most complete wineries in the 
South. Newnan, the county site of Coweta, a thriving little city of 3,654 inhabitants, 
has electric lights, ice plant, waterworks, a good fire department and splendidly pay- 
ing industries. 

LaGrange, the county site of Troup, with a population of 4,274, has waterworks, 
electric lights and with its two colleges for ladies is a place of great refinement and 
culture. It iir surrounded by a magnificent farming country, market gardens and or- 
chards and in its vicinity is a noted creamery. Dairy and beef cattle and fine stock of 
all kinds indicate the thrift of the people. 

West Point, another large manufacturing town of Troup county, owns its own 
electric lights and waterworks. It is on the border of Alabama and Georgia. There 
are in its corporate limits inside the Georgia line 1.797 inhabitants. Near West Point 
is a large Pecan Grove. Meriwether county is rich in mineral deposits such as gold, 
iron, asbestos and granite. The gold mines even with primitive methods have yield- 
ed handsomely for forty years. At Chalybeate Spring iron ore of the best quality is 
found. The asbestos deposits are abundant in yield and easily worked. Meriwether 
granite is eciual to that of Quincy. Massachusetts and susceptible of very fine polish. 
The church of St. Luke in Columbus, Ga.. used this granite exclusively in its elegant 
columns and the other granite work employed in its construction. This county is fa- 
mous for its springs, the Chalybeate and Warm Springs, and also has fine farming 
lands. 

Heard county also has abundance of granite and possesses splendid farming lands. 

Fayette also has fine farming lands. Coweta, Troup. Meriwether and Fayette all 
possess magnificent water powers. Clayton and Henry have good water powers and 
some fine farm lands and are prosperous counties. Asbestos is found in Clayton and 
Henry county, cotton ranks high in the market. 

Rockdale co"nty produces much paving and building material and has several 
flourishing manufacturing plants. Conyers, the county site on the tJeorgia railroad, 
with a population of 1.605. has an active cotton trade. Its paper mill, fertilizer factory 
and cottonseed-oil mill pay good profits. 



Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 49 

Newton is a fine agricultural county with good paying iiianulacturing industries. 
Covington, the county site (population, 2,062) on the Georgia railroad and the termi- 
nus of a branch of the Central, has large cotton mills in its vicinity ,and is connected 
by a street railway with (J.xford, the seat of the great Southern Methodist Institution, 
Emory College. The suburbs of the two towns join at llie Georgia Railroad. 

Social Circle (population, 1,229), ^ town of Walton county, on the Georgia rail- 
road, has a cottonseed-oil mill, a fertilizer factory and some smaller industries, and 
by the (iainesville. Jefferson and Southern branch of the Georgia Railroad, is con- 
nected with Monroe, the county .site (population, 1,846), which has also a cottonseed- 
oil mill, besides a cotton mill and prosperous mercantile establishments. 

Madison (population, 2,000), also on the Georgia Railroad, one of the most beau- 
tiful of the small cities of Georgia, has a cotton-oil mill, fertilizer factory and other 
industries. It is the county seat of Morgan, a well watered and fertile county noted 
for large yields of fruits, wheat, corn and cotton. Madison has electric lights and wa- 
terworks. 

Eatonton (population, 1,823) connected by railroad with Covington, Madison, and 
Milledgeville, a beautiful town, adorned with many shade trees, is the county site of 
Putnam. It is in the center of a fine cotton section and has three cotton factories and 
a shoe factory. In its vicinity are raised peaches, plums, and grapes. Within twelve 
miles of this town are the Oconee Springs, noted for their mineral properties. There 
are fine water powers in Putnam county. 

Monticello (population, i,io6), the county site of Jasper county, on a branch of 
the Georgia Railroad, has a harness and collar factory and a bobbin factory. Near it 
is a pecan grove and orchards of peaches and apples. 

Ijaldwin is a good, substantial old county with fine farms, orchards and gardens 
and fine water powers at Furman's Shoals, three miles above Milledgeville. This city 
(population, 4,219), the county site of Baldwin, and for many years the capital of 
Georgia, is situated at the head of navigation of the Oconee river. It is lighted by 
electricity, has fine commercial advantages, being on two railroads, the Georgia and the 
Central, and has a grain mill, oil mill, fertilizer factory, repair shops and other small 
industries. It is also a famous educational center, being the seat of the Georgia Mil- 
itary and Agricultural college, a branch of the State University, and the Normal and 
Industrial College for Young Ladies. It has fine public schools. The State Sanita- 
rium for the Insane, the largest institution of its kind under one management in the 
world, is three miles west of Milledgeville. Nine miles south of Milledgeville is Ste- 
vens' Pottery, at one of the finest clay deposits in .America. 

Athens, the county seat of Clarke county, with a population of 10,245, is con- 
nected by rail with Atlanta and .\ugusta anil with the chief towns of the neighboring 
counties. It is on the Oconee River, whicii affords splendid water power for its large 
cotton factories, cottonseed-oil mills and other industries. Beautiful in situation, 
adorned with handsome homes, at an elevation of 800 feet, which renders its climate 
delightful, with gas and electric lights, waterworks, ice plants and electric railway, 
with fine commercial advantages, it is also the seat of the State University, the State 
Normal School for both sexes, and Lucy Cobb Institute for ladies. It has long borne 
the name "Classic City." 

Commerce (a new name for the much more euphonious one of Harmony Grove), 
the largest town of Jack.son county, on a branch of the Southern Railway, has a cotton 
mill, cottonseed-oil mill, two potteries and factories for making wagons and bug- 
gies, harness and mattresses. 

Jackson, of which Jefferson is the county site, is a fine agricultural county. The 
same is true of Oconee and Madison counties, eacli of which has splendid water- 
powers, which at High Shoals on the Appalachcc river, in Oconee county, have been 
utilized by a cotton factory. 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 51 

l'-ll)urt is one of the finest agricultural counties of Georgia and Elberton, the 
county site is one of its most progressive towns. Its jjopulation is 3.X,^4. of which 
2,224 sre white and 1.610 colored. At the junction of tiie Seaboard .\ir Line and ;i 
branch of tlie Southern system, it has a large cotton trade and important man- 
ufactories, including a cotton mill, cottonseed-oil mill and jjlaning mills. It has 
electric lights, waterworks and good public schools, and like all the towns and cit- 
ies of its section, is well supplied with churches. There is a cotton factory at 
Beverl}- on I'.eaver Dam Creek. In the county are three guano factories, two carriage 
factories, a targe fiiuring mill with patent roller process, and four quarries from 
which are obtained as fine granite as can be found in the State of treorgia. 

The waterpowers of Elbert county are immense and there is room for many largo 
mills without danger of exhausting them. Oglethorpe, which is separated from F.lbert 
by the iJroad ri\er. lias also fine water powers end contains some of the finest farms 
in Georgia, on some of which beef cattle of the best breed are raised for the market. 

Wilkes is one of the oldest and best counties of Georgia, being up-to-date in agri- 
culture as well as rich in minerals, such as granite and quartz, and liaving also some 
gold and iron. Two gold mines are profitably worked. There arc fine waterpowers, 
especially at Anchovy Shoals, amounting there to 75,000 horse-powers. 

Washington, the county site, is one of the most beautiful of Georgia towns and 
one of the oldest, being the first named in honor of the "Father of our Country." It 
was the home of Robert Toombs and the place where JefTerson Davis held his last 
cabinet meeting at the close of the Civil War. It has a cotton compress, tannery, lum- 
ber and planing mills and a brick factory. It has a public library and good public 
schools and churches, has a waterworks plant, is progressive and enterprising and con- 
tains a population of 3.300. 

Columbia. Lincoln and McDufTie are all good agricultural counties. There is one 
noted gold mine in Liii:oln county and in McDutlie are three in successful operation. 

Thomson, the county site of McDutlie (population, 1,154), on the Georgia rail- 
road, has a canning establishment and manufactures cotton goods and fertilizers. 

Greene county is the center of the Bermuda Grass Region and dairying and the 
raising of beef cat:le are two of its great industries. 

Greensboro, the county site (population. 1,5111, has a cotton mill and at I'nion 
F'oint are fertilizer factories and a knitting mill, also an electric light jjlant. There 
are other industries, as a knitting mill at I'enfield, a wagon factory at White Plains, a 
bo.x factory at Siloam and several Hour and grist mills throughout the county. There 
are fine water powders, especially on the Oconee river. 

Augusta, the county seat of R chmond, is the second oldest city in Georgia and 
in cotton manufacture the first in Georgia and the South, being for this reason often 
styled the "Lowell of (he South." It is at the head of steamboat navigation, is the 
third in the State in size and has a i)opu'ation of 39.441 in the corijorate limits (20,913 
being while and 18,528 colored). l-"rom 1735, when it was first laid out. it was a cen- 
ter of trade. Seven miles above the ci'.y are the falls of the Savannah river. Here 
the city built a dam and a canal nine miles long and 150 feet wide, so as to utilize 
the great water power. Of the 14000 horse powers already developed at this point, 
11,000 are now in use. There are p ills belonging to n'nc different companies and a 
number of mills across the river in South Carolina arc built and owned by .\ugusta 
caiiitalists. There are in .\ugusta fertilizer and cottonseed-<iil factories, foundries, 
planing mills and manufactories of medicines, clothing and minor articles. 

The Georgia Medical College, a department of the State I'niversity. is located in 
Augusta, and here is the .\cademy of Richmond county which dates back to colonial 
davs. If in the census report of 1900 the suburbs had been included, the population 
would have numbered 45.000. Summerville. a beautiful suburban town connected with 
Augusta by electric railway, has a population of 3.245. Here is located the U. S. arse- 



Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 53 

nal. I'roni the point overlooking the city and from the heights of North Augusta on 
the South Carolina side, the view of the city is very charming, especially at night with 
its brilliant electric lights. .Augusta is one of the largest interior cotton markets in 
the South. 

Commercially, Taliaferro, Glascock, Warren and Hancock, and also of those al- 
ready named, Columbia, Lincoln andMcDuffie are in close touch with Augusta. 

Warrenton ^pll|)ulation, 1,113), '^ the county site of Warren county, and is a prof- 
itable market for the vegetable, fruits and melons raised in the neighborhood. 

Sparta, the county seat of Hancock county, on a branch of the Georgia Railroad, 
about half way between Augusta and Macon, is a thriving town, to which the prod- 
ucts of the county are brought for market and shipment. There is at Sparta a cot- 
ton-oil mill, a flourishing creamery and in its vicinity are some large peach orchards. 
Asbestos, plumbago, kaolin and agate are found in Hancock county. Peaches, apples, 
pears, pecans, and all the staple crops of Middle Georgia, are found in this county. 

Macon, the county seat of Uibb county, and the fourth city in the State in popu- 
lation, is a great commercial, manufacturing and educational center. Here are some of 
the largest and most substantial wholesale houses in Georgia, five cotton mills spin- 
ning yarn, three knitting mills, three iron foundries, a cotton compress, large cotton- 
oil mills and fertilizer esablishments. 

Here are Wesleyan Female College, the first institution in the world chartered to 
give diplomas to ladies. Mercer University, a noted Baptist Institution, St. Stanis- 
laus College, for Catholic priests, Mount de Sales Academy, for young ladies, a nor- 
mal school for colored students, and the Academy for the Blind, a State institution 
with two departments, several blocks apart, one for white and the other for colored 
children. 

By the census of 1900. the population of Macon was 2T^,2yi, of which the white; 
numbered 11,711 and the colored, 11,361. But the suburban district of Vineville witb 
'J,'j'i~ inhabitants and East Macon with 5.078, are really parts of the city making a 
total population of 36,137. 

In Jones county there is a fine vein of kaolin which is being utilized. This is a 
part of the great clay belt, wliich extends from Augusta southwesterlv through Bald- 
win past Macon in Bibb county to Columbus in ^luscogee county. It has veins ex- 
tending down into Twiggs county to the south. Throughout the whole length and 
breadth of this belt the clays are very pure, of a beautiful white color and capable G( 
standing a greater degree of heat than any other clays of the United States. 

In Butts county is the celebrated Indian Spring, a great health and pleasure re- 
sort, celebrated for the healing properties of its sulphur water. This county has flour 
and cotton mills and fertilizer factories. Jackson and Pepperton are neighboring 
towns and busy manufacluring centers. Jackson has a population of 1.487 and Pep- 
perton of 500. 

In Monroe county is Forsyth Cpopulation, 1,172). the seat of Monroe Female Col- 
lege. It is a handsome town with several prosperous industries. Barnesville is a 
growing city of Pike county, has two of the largest buggy factories in the South, and 
is the seat of one of the best schools of Georgia, the Gordon Institute. Its popula- 
tion is 3.036. 

Spalding is a countv of good farms and inanv iiianufactories. Griffin, the rountv 
site, owns its own waterworks and electric-lights, has an ice plant, cottonseed-nil mills. 
planing mills, chair factory, five large cotton mills and manufactures more Turkish 
towels than are made anvwhere else in America. Near by is the United States Ex- 
periment Station for Georgia. The population of Griffin is 6.837. the whites number- 
ing 3.5<X) and the colored 3.238. In addition to the usual crops, there are orchards of 
peaches and apples, vineyards, and a pecan erove. 

Upson cnimfy has fine water powers on Big Potato creek. Thomaston, the county 




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Gi;c)K(;i.\'s Rksoukces and Ai)\A.\rA<;i:s. 55 

seat ([)upiilatiun, 1.714) has a cotton mill. TIk' R. K. Lcc Institute is in Tlioinas- 
toii. On the east of I-'lint river begins the Tine .Mountains, the highest points of 
which are .Soo feet above the river. 

Talbotton, the county seat of Talbot (population, 1.131), is in the center of a good 
farm and trucking country. It has two fine schools, Collinsworlli Institute and Le- 
Vcrt i'eniale College, four good ])ublic schools. 

Harris county has good farming land> and fine w;iUr powers. 

Columbus, the county site of Muscogee, is an ini])ortant manufacturing city, well 
known for its splendid cotton mills. In addition to being a great railroad center, it 
enjoys the advantages of water transportation and has a fine steamboat trade with 
towns and the country along the Chattahoochee river. Augusta alone in the South 
excels Columbus in the manufacture of cotton goods, for which the fine w'aterpowers 
of the Chattahoochee afford splendid facilities. The population of the city in its cor- 
porate limits was 17,614 by the census of 1900. Of these, 10,337 were white and 7,277 
colored. The population is now estimated at 20.000. 

Agriculture, manufactures, commerce, education and th.e influence of its churches 
have cond;ined to make Middle (jeorgia one of the most desirable sections of the 
Union. 

Over large portions of Middle Georgia wheat is a profitable crop, yielding o;i very 
ordinary land eight, and on good lands from 15 to 40 bushels to the acre, and in some 
instances as high as 60 bushels to the acre. Corn ranges all the way from 10 to 50 
bushels to the acre and in some instances has gone beyond 100 bushels. The peavine, 
often called the clo\'er of the South, affords in its peas not only a nourishing food for 
stock, especially for milch cows, but also a wholesome diet for the table. The vines 
make the best of hay and the yield varies according to soil and cultixation from 2,000 
to 14.000 pounds to the acre. The peavine is also one of the best of soil renovators. 
The vetches, sorghum and millet and, in the more northern counties of the section, 
clover, are cultivated for forage crops. Considerable quantities of sugarcane are 
raised, but it is in South Georgia that this is one of the leading crops. But Middle 
Georgia, together with the larger part of Soutli Georgia, is the great cotton region of 
the State. The yield of this great money crop varies according to soil from 500 to 
1500 pounds of seed cotton to the acre, or from a third to a whole 500 pound bale to 
the acre. In every pound of seed cotton one-third is lint and two-thirds seed. The 
lint is manufactured into yarn and cloths of various kinds. Part of the seed is used 
for replanting, and great quantities, of it are sold to the cottonseed-oil mills, which 
manufacture from them oil and cottonseed-nieal and ha\e left the hulls and linters 
which al.~o bring profitable prices. 

During the past season the high prices that have prevailed make the value of 
Georgia's cotton crop, including lint. oil. meal, hulls and linters. ecpial to $100,000,000. 

The traveler going through Georgia cannot judge the quality of the soil by what 
he sees from a train moving over a road that runs for the most part along the ridges. 
If he stops at some station and takes a ride out into the country, he will find ricli 
lands teeming with profitable cro])s. He will also find farms where exhausted lands 
have by a careful system of renovation antl scientific culture been brought back to the 
productiveness of the virgin soil. There are farms where skillful farmers have taken 
so-called worn-out lands and made them yield a bale of cotton to tl'e acre, and at the 
same time have added each year to the productiveness of the soil. 

There is hardly a farmer in Middle Georgia wd'o does not have his orchards of 
peaches, apples, pears and cherries, quantities of blackberries and patches of luscious 
strawberries and in his vogetable garden a good varietv of healthful diet, for the ta- 
b/e. Grapes are abundant and there are lar^e vineyards, especially on the Central 
Railway, between Macon and .\tlanta on the Southern, and on the .\tlanta and West 
Point Railroads. 



GiiORGiA's Resources and Advantages. 57 

Irish potatoes of the best types are raised, and in the sweet potato Georgia in 
every section possesses an article of food whicli in the varied dishes that can be pre- 
pared from it furnishes not only wholesome, but sometimes luxurious diet, l^gs also 
are among the fruits of Middle Georgia and in many localities pomegranates are 
found. 

South Georgia. — Of the three Georgia sections, this is the most extensive in area 
and, with the exception of a few localities, showed during the decade from 1890 to 
1900 the heaviest gains in population and wealth. This will be surprising to some 
who are in the habit of looking upon South Georgia as a malarial section, healthy 
only during the winter. lUit there is much hill country all over Southwest Georgia 
which is healthy the year round and in Southeast Georgia and throughout the coast- 
al plain region the many artesian wells supplying pure, good water have wrought 
such a change that localities once regarded as very unwholesome arc now the healthy 
abode of a rapidly increasing population, while on all the numerous railroad lines that 
penetrate this whole region are flourishing and rapidly growing towns and cities. 

This is not on the whole as good a wheat country as either North or Middle 
Georgia, and in some parts no wheat is grown at all. But over the greater part of 
it are made heavy yields of cotton and corn and thousands of acres produce the su- 
garcane, the richest in saccharine matter of any plant that grows. The Georgia cane 
syrup is already a favorite in many parts of the United States and its manufacture and 
sale are steadily and rapidly growing. South Georgia produces the greater part of 
the crop of sea island cotton, the finest in the markets of the world. 

Tobacco, too, is being extensively cultivated and there is in Uecatur county one 
of the largest tobacco farms in the United States. In addition to the millet, crab 
grass, and crowfoot, sorghum forage and peavines of Middle Georgia are the soja and 
the velvet bean, both splendid for stock and the best of soil renovators. Cassava also 
a fine feed for stock, yields bountifully throughout this section and the lower counties 
of Middle Georgia. 

The great peach orchards of Southern Georgia have a national reputation and 
their fame has even crossed the Atlantic. There are fine vineyards also in manv 
places. 

In Southeast Georgia are some of the largest market gardens (truck farms) in the 
State, especially in the neighborhood of Brunswick and Savannah. 

AH over the coastal plain from the Atlantic ocean to the Chattahoochee river on 
the western border of the State are extensive forests of long leaf pine, producing an- 
nually millions of feet of lumber and gallons of spirits of turpentine, giving employ- 
ment to sawmills great and small, to railroacis, steamboats, ships and merchants. 

As the forest lands are cleared, market gardens and flourishing farms spring up. 
The marls with the muck from swamps furnish a cheap fertilizer easy to be obtained. 

There arc vast ranges for cattle and sheep and of the latter there are some very 
large flocks, yielding a fine profit to their owners. P.eef cattle of the best breeds can 
by recent discov«ries be rendered immune as to the cattle tick and its resultant Texas 
fever, and with need for shelter, but a short time durirvg the winter, can be raised 
with great profit to the stock men. 

Though rice is grown in the upper counties of Georgia, the great rice crop of the 
.State is that of Southeast Georgia. 

Southeast Georgia was the first settled portion of the State. Here Oglethorpe's 
first settlement was made at Savannah and at Trederica on St. Simon's island was 
his favorite horn;. Though of Frederica niithing remains but the ruins of the old fort 
and the nirmcrv of the defeat of the Spaniards at the "Blody Marsh," across St. Si- 
mon's Sound on the banks of the Turtle river is the growing city of Brunswick, the 
second in size of Georgia's seaports. 

The chief cities of South Georgia are Savannah, Brunswick, Americus, Waycross, 



Gkoucia's Resources and AovANTAciis. 5!) 

Valdosta, Tliomasvilk', Alliany, Cordcle, Oiihlin. Dawson, CiUliljcrt. LJainbriilgc, Quit- 
man, Moiillrie and Havvkinsvillc. 

Savannah is tlic oldest city of (ieorfjia, its most important seaport and commer- 
cial center, rankinjj among the cities of the S(juth, next to Xevv Orleans in the value 
of its commerce, lirsl in tlie world in the shipment of naval stores and third as a cot- 
ton market. 

Savannah stands upon a bluff 46 feet above the level of the Savaniiah jnd iV 
miles from the sea. It is connected by water with every county of the Atlantic 
coastal plain and by rail with e\ery part of Georgia and the railroads that radiate from 
it in all directions give it rapid connections with every quarter of the L'nion. The 
Savannah, the first steamship that ever crossed the Atlantic, was owned in Savannah 
and the Ocean Steamship Company of that city has the finest line of steamers to-day 
that ply between Northern and Southern ports. Among the exports of Savannah are 
not only the raw cotton, but also cotton goods from the factories of Georgia, rice, lum- 
ber and naval stores and fruits, melons and vegetables from the orchards, fields and 
market gardens of the vicinity and on the lines of the railroads that come into the city. 
Its import trade also is very extensive and its large wdiolesale honscs are strong and 
substantial. 

Its manufacturing interests are important, embracing \ arimis grades of cotton 
goods, cottonseed-oil mills, fertilizer factories, foundries, machine shops for making 
agricultural iiui)lements and various other industries. 

It is one of the most beautiful cities of the L'nion and has several handsome his- 
toric monuments, viz.: the one to General Nathaniel CJreene, another to Count Pu- 
laski, another to Sergeant Jasper, all heroes of the American revolution, one to W. W. 
Gordon, the great promoter of the Central Railroad and one in honor of the Confeder- 
ate soldiers. 

The population of Savannah by the census of iiyjo was 54,244 of which the whites 
numbered 26.109 and the colored 28.135. But a large, thickly settled district has been 
taken into the corporate limits and with the accustomed ra:io of increase the citj' at 
this time (1904) contains considerably more than 60,000 inhabitants. 

On a branch of the Central Railroad, betwcn Savannah and Augusta, the town of 
Waynesboro (population, 2,030) in the midst of a cotton and lumber region, has cot- 
tonseed-oil mills and fertilizer factories. It is the county seat of P.urke which is the 
greatest cotton county of Georgia. .At Shell Bluff is an inexhaustible supply of lime- 
stone of the best quality for making lime. Buhrstone is very abundant in this county. 

Louisville (population, 1,000) is the county site of Jefferson county. It is an old 
town of historic interest from the circumstance that for nine years (from 1795 to 
1804) it was the cai)ital of Georgia. 

Sandersville and 'I'ennille are important towns of Washington county, the former 
being the countv site. Sandersville is on a branch of the Southern Railway and has 
good commercial facilities, large fertilizer establishments and machine shops. It is sit- 
uated upon a ridge between the Oconee and Ogeechee rivers. 500 feet above .sea level. 
Population. 2.023. Tennille is smaller, having 1.121 inhabi^nnts, but is quite a manu- 
facturing center, having a cotton factory, cottonseed-oil mill, hard wood factory, min- 
eral works, machine works and novelty factory. It has also an electric light plant. 
Connected with Tennille by a short railroad is Wrightsville (population. 1,127) ''i<^ 
county seat of Johnson county in the midst of an extensive lumber region. From the 
great forests of pine in this county are manufactured rosin and turpcntin«;. 

In Wilkinson countv there is a quarry of limestone whence is obtained a ma- 
terial which after hardening in the open air has been found to be excelHnt for the 
construction of chimneys. In Twiges countv there is a fine vein of potterv clay. In 
Laurens county, the large number of saw mills and turpentine distilleries prepare 
great quantities of lumber, rosin and turpentine for export to Savannah. 




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Georgia's Rhisources and Advantages. 6l 

Dublin, the county site, a rapidly growing town of 2,ij8/, iniiabilants, has sev- 
eral prosperous mercantile and manufacturing establishments, among the latter being 
a cotton mill, a cotton-oil mill, ice and furniture factory, a foundry, brick works, va- 
riety works, stone factory, a shingle machine, a ham packing establishment .md many 
small industries. 

In I'.ryan and Bullocli counties the larger pari ut the cotton raised is fea-island. 
In both these counties, lunaiuie! and Screven, lumber and turpentine interes's are ex- 
tensive, as they arc also in Montgomerj', Tattnall, Liberty and Mcintosh. I'arien, the 
county site of Mcintosh (population, 1,7^'j), has a large trade in lumber, rosin and 
turpentine. All these are good agricultural counties. 

Brunswick (population 9,081), the county seat of Glynn county, the second in size 
and importance of the seaports of Georgia, has one of the best harbors on the At- 
lantic coast, is beautifully located on a blutf of white sand and has a heavy trade in 
lumber and naval stores. The city has waicrvvorks and electric lights. Glynn count}' 
has great cptantities of pine and cypress timbers and a considerable amount of hard 
woods besides. 

Waycross, the county seat of Ware count}-, is one of the great railroad centers of 
Southeast Georgia. It had by the last census a population of 5,919. It has electric 
lights, waterworks, a street railway and several manufacturing industries. The pine 
and C3^prcss timbers are very valuable. Rosin, turpentine and lumber are shipped in 
large quantities. The railroads radiating from this town bring into it the products of 
many adjoining counties, viz.: Pierce. Coffee, Qinch, Charlton, and parts of Berrien 
and Appling, while Jesu]) in Wayne is another growing railroad center, into which are 
gathered the products of the neighboring pine forests for shipment to Brunswick and 
Savannah. With both of these Georgia ports Montgomery, Telfair, Dodge and Wil- 
cox counties have easy access by rail. Large flocks of sheep range in all these coun- 
ties, bringing with their wool good profits to their owners. 

McRae (population, 1,020) the county seat of Telfair on the Southern Railway, 
is the center of a large business in lumber,shingles, turpentine and rosin, has saw and 
planing mills and an oil and fertilizer factory. Here is located the South Georgia 
college. 

Abbeville (population, 1,152), the county seat of Wilcox, on the west bank of the 
Ocmulgee river and connected with Savannah by the Seaboard Air Line Railway, has 
also a large trade in turpentine, rosin and lumber, and so has Seville on the same rail- 
road, in the western part of WMlcox county, a town of 1,277 inhabitants. 

Eastman (population, 1,235), t'l^ county seat of Dodge, on an elevation of 300 
feet, has a considerable trade in cotton, lumber, cane syrup, cattle, chickens and veg- 
etables. 

Hawkin.sville (population. 2,103), county scat of Pulaski connected by branch roads 
with two main trunk lines of railway, has also lines of steamers to Darien and Brun- 
swick and has among its industries an oil and fertilizer factory, a cotton mill, turpen- 
tine distillery, barrel, carriage and ice factories. About ten miles from Hawkinsville in 
the same county is Cochran, a busy town of 1.531 inhabitants on the main line of the 
Southern Railway. It also has several manufacturing industries. 

Houston, with its millions of peach trees, is the greatest peach-growing county in 
the L'nited States, and next to it in Georgia comes Macon county, also counting its 
peach trees by the million. There are also in these two counties orchards of pear, ap- 
ple and Ilium trees. 

Fort N'allcy (population, 2,022). the most important town. of Houston county, on 
imc of the lines of tlie Central Railway, has three large canning factories, crate and 
basket factories, an ice factory, cotton compresses and knitting mills. The county site 
of Houston is Perry on a branch of the Central Railway. Houston is also a good 
wheat county. 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. <-^ 

In Macoii county llicre arc on the Central Railway tliree towns, Marsliallville, 
Montezuma and ( )fjletliorpe, the last beini; the county site. .\l tliese jjoints are can- 
ning and fruit-packmg factories and at Montezuma is a fertilizer factory doing a large 
business. 

Amcricus. the county seat of Sumter county, with a jxjpulation of 7.674, is the 
largest city of Southwest Georgia in the midst of a rich cotton growing region. It is 
the distributing point for mules and horses to all parts of .Southwest (jeorgia. It has 
in its corporate limits and in its vicinity factories for horse-collars, shoes, wagons, cot- 
ton-seed oil and guano, a foundry and railroad s]ioi)s. The city has a good system of 
waterworks and electric lights. During the latter part of the Civil War, Sumter and 
the neighboring counties produced such a large part of the supplies for the Confeder- 
ate armies of X'irginia and Tennessee that this section of the State was called Egypt. 
At Andersonvillc, the site of the noted war prison, is a well-kei)t federal cemeterv. 
That part of the coastal plain region which is draineil into the Gidf of Mexico now 
contains many growing towns. The rich lands drained by the Flint and Chattahoo- 
chee rivers arc among the best in the State for the i)roduction of cotton and corn, 
and in many localities much hav is raised. The eastern jiart of this plain is also rich 
in forests of pine and has an extensive trade in lumber and naval stores. This is par- 
ticularly true of the section drained by the Allapaha river. 

Bucna \'ista, on the Central Railwaj', the county seat of Marion, named lor a fa- 
mous battle of the Mexican war, (population, 1,161), is a good cotton market. 

Richland (population, 1,014). an important town of Stewart count)', at the junc- 
tion of two branches of the Seaboard Air Line system, has a wagon and buggy and 
guano factory and Lumpkin, the county site on the main line of the same system, w'ith 
a population of 1,470, is beautifully locateil on a high ri<lge. 

r)aws(jn (population, 2,926) the county seat of Terrell county, at the junction of 
two railroads, lias waterworks, electric lights, prosperous business houses and is in the 
center of a fine cotton country, which is true also of Cuthbert the county site of Ran- 
dolph county, with 2.641 inhabitants. It has waterworks and electric lights, a cotton 
nr.l, carriage factory, machine works and ice factory. Here are .\ndrew Female Col- 
lege and I'.ethcl Male College. 

At I'ort (jaines, the county seat of Clay county, beautifully located on a high bluff 
overlooking the Chattahoochee 160 feet ajove the river, arc guano and brick facto- 
ries and a cottonseed-dil mill. It enjoys both railroad and water transportation and 
has 1.305 iidiabitants. (Juitman is a good agricultural county. 

Vienna (population, 1,305) the ccunty seat of Dooly county, does a heavy lum- 
ber business and has a cottonseed-oil mill. It is on the Si uthern and Florida Rail- 
road. 

Cordele (population, 3,473). un the same railror.d, a new and rapidly growing 
city, does a lieavy lumber business in addition to its trade in cotton, corn and vegeta- 
bles, and has a cotton factory, ice plant, fertilizer establishment, and a fine system of 
waterworks. 

Fitzgerald, in Irwin countv. a new town founded nn<ler the auspices of ex-(^iov- 
crnor Xorthen, by veterans of the L'nion arn:y from the Xortlnvcst, is at the junction 
of two railroads. It has a cotton mill, cottonseed-oil mill, iron foundry, sash and door 
factory, and extensive lumber business. Its population in H)00 was 1,817, '^"' '^ "'^^^' 
claim.-; about 3,000 inhabitants. The town has waterworks and electric lights. 

Tifton, the largest town of Berrien county, with a poi)ulation of 1.384, at the 
crossing of four railroads, has saw mills, a canning establishment, machine works and 
foundry. In its neighborhood are .several vineyards producing grapes of fine quality, 
peach, apple and pear orchards and pecan groves. 

Ashburn (poimlation, 1,301), the chief business town of Worth county, on the 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 65 

Georgia Southern and 1 lorida Railroad, is in a district abounding in turpentine dis- 
tilleries and has large lumber, shingle and planing mills. 

Albany (population, 4,606), the county site of Dougherty county, with seven lines 
of railway radiating from it and a steamboat trallic also with Bainl)ridge and points 
along the Flint river, in the center of a rich agricultural region, is an extensive cot- 
ton, fruit, melon and hay market, and has brick yards, cotton compresses, cotton- 
seed oil and fertilizer factories and a large canning factory. It has gas and electric 
lights, a good system of artesian waterworks, and, like all the towns and cities which 
we have mentioned or shall yel mention, has fine schools and is well supplied with 
churches of the various Christian denominations. In Dougherty county is a pecan 
grove of 1,000 trees. 

Bainbridge (population, 2,641), in Decatur county, of which it is the county seat, 
on the Flint River, by which it has a good steamboat trade, and at ihe junction of 
two lines of railway, in the midst of a country producing large crops of cotton, corn, 
sugar cane, tobacco and fruits, and with a heavy business also in lumber, has cotton- 
seed oil mills, iron foundry, cooperage works, railway shops, several lumber mills, ice 
factory and a boat building plant. 

Thomasville (population, 5,322) the county seat of Thomas county with broad and 
well-kept streets and gardens, in which flowers bloom the year round, is lighted by gas 
and electricity and has a good system of waterworks, railroad shops, sash and blind 
factories and an iron foundry. Young Female College and South Geoigia College are 
located here. 

Cairo, in Thomas county, is a great point for the nianufacture and shipping of 
Georgia cane syrup. 

Camilla (population, 1,051) in Mitchell county, on a branch ot the Savannah, 
I'lorida and Western Railway, has fertilizer works and is the market for many and 
\aried products such as peaches, grapes, walnuts, lumber, turpentine and rosin. There 
are several groves of pecans, one of them covering a hundred acres. 

Moultrie (population, 2.221), the county scat of Colquitt county, where three raiN 
roads meet, has electric lights, waterworks, a cotton mill, ice factory, railroad shop, 
wagon and buggy factory, many large turpLiUine distilleries in its vicinity and is an 
extensive market for grapes and melons. 

Quilnian (population, 2,281), the county-seat of Brooks county on the Savannah, 
l-"lorida and Western railroad, a branch of the great Atlantic Coast Fine System, in a 
rich market garden section, is the shipping point for garden produce and melons. It 
has a cotton mill, fertilizer and oil factories, ice factory, waterworks and electric plant. 

Valdosta (population, 5.613), the county seat of Lowndes county, is a great rail- 
road center in the heart of a great yellow pine region, and is the greatest inland mar- 
ket for sea-island cotton, large crops of whi.h are raised in its neighborhood. The ship- 
ment of naval stores to Brunswick and Savannah is one of its great industries and it 
has an iron foundry, and factories for the manufacture of cotton goods, fertilizers, bug- 
gies, builders' material and other woodwork, and an iron foundry. It also has a pork 
packing establishment. It has waterworks and electric lights. 

Blakely. in Early county, is the seat of a large fertilizer and oil mill, lumber and 
uirpentine business. Miller, Baker, Webster, Calhoun. Taylor, and Chattahoochee arc 
all good counties, rich in agricultural products and with good railroad facilities. In 
Crawforfl county is a fine vein of pottery clay. 

All South Georgia is a great and growing country, increasing rai>idly in wealth 
and population, and with every advantage, educational and religious. In fact, each sec- 
tion of Georgia offers an inviting field to tiie enterprising immigrant. She is a great, 



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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 



67 



broad-minded State, growing rapidly in population, wealth and influejice. To every 
class of industrious law-ahidinq; people, seeking pleasant homes and with a mind to 
work, especially to all true Americans from Xorth, West or South, without regard to 
political affiliations, Georgia stretches forth the right hand of fcllowshii), and bids them 
welcome. 

The price of lands in ( '.eorgia varies from ten to seventy-five dollars an acre, ac- 
cording to fertility of soil or proximity to some large city or rapidly growing town. 




A TOBACCO FIELD. 



ALPHABETICAL^^ LIST OF COUNTIES OF GA, 

WITH POPULATION OF EACH BY CENSUS OF 1900, AND VALUE OF ALL 
PROPERTY ACCORDING TO COMPTROLLER-GENERAL'S REPORT 
FOR THE YEARS 1903 AND 1904; PRICE OF LANDS PER ACRE; ALSO 
FORESTRY AND PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL, HORTICULTURAL 
AND MINERAL. 

APPLING COUNTY.— Population, white, 8,823; colored, 3,513; total, 12,336. 
Aggregate value of whole property, 1903, $1,735,876; 1904, $1,858,051. Price of lands 
per acre, from $3.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers, chiefly long-leaf pine. Products: Ag- 
ricultural, cotton, corn, oats, rice, sugar-cane, potatoes (Irish and sweet), field peas, 
ground-peas, peavine and crab grass hay; Horticultural, pears, grapes, plums, peaches, 
watermelons ; Mineral, . 

BAKER COUNTY. — Population, white, 1,934; colored, 4,770; total, 6,704. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property, 1903, $607,688; 1904, $658,582. Price of lands per 
acre, from $5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory and long-leaf pine. Products: 
Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, upland rice, field peas, ground-peas, sugar- 
cane, sorghum-cane, potatoes (Irish and sweet), all grasses except clover; Horticul- 
tural: peaches, plums, cherries, quinces, apples anrl watermelons. Mineral: . 

BALDWIN COUNTY. — Population, white, 6,511; colored, 11,257; total, 17,768. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,937,788; 1904, $2,030,085. Price of lands 
per acre: from $10.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: poplar, hickory, pine, maple, ash, 
walnut, locust, oak. Products: Agricultural: corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, field-peas, 
ground-peas, potatoes (Irish and sweet), crab-grass and bermuda hay, sugar-cane. 
Horticultural : peaches, apples, plums, cherries, figs, pomegranates ; Mineral : pottery 
clay. 

BANKS COUNTY. — Population: white, 8,448; colored, 2,097; t«tal, 10,545. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,030,322; 1904, $1,076,823. Price of lands per 
acre: from $2.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers: Poplar, hickory, pine, maple, ash, walnut, 
locust, white, post and mountain oak. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, 
oats, rye, sorghum-cane, sorghum-forage, sweet and Irish potatoes, field-peas, hay from 
clover, bermuda grass and the vetches; Horticultural: cabbages, onions and other veg- 
etables, apples; Mineral, granite. 

BARTOW COUNTY.— Population : white, 14,635; colored, 6,188; total, 20,823. 
Aggregate value of whole property, 1903, $3,923,097; 1904, $4,133,855. Price of lands 
pe"r acre: from $10.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: poplar, hickory, maple, ash, walnut, 
chestnut, oak, locust, pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, wheat, oats, cotton, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, field-peas, sorghum-cane, peavine, crabgrass and clover hay; Hor- 
ticultural : peaches, apples, berries, and all small fruits, and almost every variety of veg- 
etable ; 'Mineral: iron, manganese, ochre, bauxite, and limestone with active and suc- 
cessful operations in all. 

BERRIEN COUNTY.— Population: white, 13,494; colored, 5,946; total, 19,440. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,891,549; 1904, $4,051,360. Price of lands 
per acre : from $5.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers : chiefly long-leaf pine. Products : Ag- 
ricultural : cotton, corn, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay 



Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 69 

from native grasses ; Horticultural : Peaches, grapes, cherries, plums, pears and every 
variety of vegetables, figs, watermelons ; Mineral : brick clay and marls. 

BIBB COUNTY. — Population : white, 23,078; colored, 27,395; total, 50,473. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $17,685,595; 1904, $20,201,695. Price of lands 
per acre: from $10.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickorj', cherry, walnut and 
some yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, field- 
peas, ground peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, haj' from clover, crab and bermuda grass, 
some sugar-cane, and sorghum-cane; Horticultural: all varieties of vegetables, peaches, 
apples, plums, pears, figs, pomegranates, watermelons, canteloupes, berries and grapes; 
Mineral: granite, limsetone, some ochre and abundance of pottery clay. 

BROOKS COUNTY. — Population: white, 7.702; colored, 10,904; total, 18,606. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,309,724; 1904, $3,494,622. Price of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers: chiefly long-leaf pine. Products: Ag- 
ricultural: cotton (long and short staple), corn, oats, rye, wheat, upland rice, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground peas and much sugar-cane, crab-grass and pea- 
vine hay: Horticultural: peaches, pears, oranges, figs, melons, and all varieties of veg- 
etables; Mineral: . 

BRYAN COUNTY.— Population: white, 2.969; colored. 3,153; total, 6,122. .\g- 
gregalc value of whole property, 1903, $708,156; 1904, $781,845. Price of lands per 
acre: from $2.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: 
cotton (upland and sea-island), corn, sugar-cane, rice, Irish and sweet potatoes, field- 
peas, groundi)cas: Horticultural: all the usual vegetables, peaches, melons and ber- 
ries; Mineral: marls. 

BULLOCH COUNTY. — Population: white. 12,213; colored, 9,164; total, 21,377. 
.\ggregate v.ilue of whole property: 1903. $3,240,036; 1904, $3,566,225. Price of lands 
per acre: from 'i'5.00 to $40.00. Forest Timbers: pine (long-leaf), and cypress. Prod- 
ucts: Agricultural: cotton (upland and sea-island), corn, sue:ar-cane, Irish and sweet 
potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab and other grasses for hay; Horticultural: all va- 
rieties of vegetables, peaches, pears, plums, grapes and melons, berries; Mineral; 
marls. 

BURKE COUNTY.— Population: white, 5,522 ; colored, 24,643 ; total. 30,165. .\g- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,209,368; 1904, $3,342,954. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers; oak, hickory, and long-leaf pine. Prod- 
ucts: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, hay from crab and bermuda grass and 
wire grass for grazing, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes: Horticultural: peaches, 
apples, pears, plums, cherries, figs, jiomegranates, watermelons, canteloupes. berries 
and all kinds (if garden jiroduce; Mineral: limestone, luihrstone. marls. 

BUTTS COUNTY.— Population, white, 5.998: colored. 6.807; total, 12,805. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903. $1,607,214; 1904. $1,653,037. Price of lands per 
acre: from $5,00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, gum, walnut, cherry and 
long-leaf pine, etc. Products: .Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, cow-peas, field- 
peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, crab and bermuda grass; Horticultural: peaches, apples, 
cherries, plums, pears, watermelons, canteloupes. figs, and every variety of vegetables; 
Mineral: <ulplnir in its mineral waters. 

CALHOUN COUNTY,— Population: white, 2.399; colored, 6,875; total. 9.274. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1.0^2.735; 1904. $1,301,679. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: long-leaf pine, oak. gum. walnut and 
other woods. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, sugar-cane, wheat, oats, rye. field- 
peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, hay from crowfoot and Bermuda grass ; 



JO Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

Horticultural: peaches, grapes, berries, watermelons, canteloupes, figs, pomegranates 
and all garden products; Mineral: . 

CAMDEN COUNTY. — Population: white, 2,423 ; colored, 5,246; total, 7,669. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $900,786; 1904, $927,225. Price of lands per 
acre: from $2.50 to $50.00. Forest timbers: long-leaf pine, cypress, sycamore, etc. 
Products: Agricultural: corn, sugar-cane, sorghum-cane, cotton, rice, oats, Irish and 
sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, and all the grasses; Horticultural: all 
kinds of vegetables, grapes, peaches, plums, cherries, berries, melons, oranges, lemons, 
figs, olives and pomegranates; Mineral: marls. There are also mineral springs. 

CAMPBELL COUNTY. — Population: white, 6,350; colored, 3,168; total, 9,518. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,595,147; 1904, $1,707,388. Price of lands 
per acre : from $3.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers ; chiefly oak and pine. Products : Agri- 
cultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, 
crab and Bermuda grass and clover; Horticultural: all garden products, peaches, ap- 
ples, watermelons, canteloupes, berries grapes; Mineral: granite and barite. 

CARROLL COUNTY. — Population : white, 21,539; colored, 5,037; total, 26,576. 
■Aggregate \',alue of whole property: 1903, ^3,761, 162; 1904, $3,867,662. Price of land 
per acre : from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers : oak, hickory, ash, maple, walnut, pop- 
lar and gum. Products : Agricultural : cot-ton, corn, oats, wheat, sugar-cane, hay from 
crab and Bermuda grass, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, tobacco. 
Horticultural: all vegetables, peaches, apples, watermelons, canteloupes, berries, cher- 
ries, etc.; Mineral: Gold, quartz and granite. 

CATOOSA COUNTY.— Population: while, 5,341; colored, 482; total, 5,823. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $842,654; 1904, $875,496. Price of lands per 
acre: from $5.00 to $25.00 and $40.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar and pine. 
Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, 
timothy, herd and orchard grass, clover, German millet, sorghum-cane ; Horticultural : 
peaches, apples, cherries, plums, grapes, berries (especially strawberries,) watermelons, 
canteloupes; ^Mineral: sand and limestones, iron and gold. 

CHARLTON COUNTY.— Population : white, 2,849; colored. 743; total, 3,592. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $520,352; 1904, $522,362. Price of lands per 
acre: from $2.00 to $10.00. Forest timbers :yellow (long-leaf) pine and cypress. Prod- 
ucts: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, sugar-cane, corn, tobacco, Irish and sweet pota- 
toes; Horticultural: oranges and figs; Mineral: marls. 

CHATHAM COUNTY. — Population: white, 29,930; colored, 41,309; total, 71,239. 
Aggregate value of whole property.: 1903, $32,726,293; 1904, $33,177,373- Price of lands 
per acre: from $10.00 to $100.00. Forest timbers: pine, cypress and live-oak. Prod- 
ucts: Agricultural: corn, cotton. Irish and sweet potatoes, sugar-cane, field peas, 
ground-peas, crab-grass, hay ; Horticultural : all varieties of vegetables, berries, mel- 
ons and fruits, immense quantities of all these being shipped north from the market 
gardens at large profits; Mineral: . 

CHATTAHOOCHEE COUNTY.— Population: white, 1,852; colored, 3.928; total. 
5,790. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $562,938; 1904, $582,028. Price of 
lands per acre, $3.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: some oak and hickory, but chiefly yel- 
low pine. Products: agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet 
potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, upland rice and crab grass; Horticultural: apples, 
peaches, plums, cherries, melons, grapes, berries, and every kind of vegetable ; Min- 
eral : marls. 



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72 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

CHATTOOGA COUNTY. — Population: white, 10,714: colored, 2,238: total, 12,- 
052. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,254,662; 1904, $2,256,745. Price of 
lands per acre: $3.00 to $50.00. Forest tim-bers: oak, hickory, maple, ash, chestnut, 
gum, walnut, pine, cherry and poplar. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, 
oats, rye, barley, clover and grasses, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum cane, field peas, 
ground peas and tobacco: Horticultural: every variety of vegetable, berries of all kinds 
including the finest strawberries, peaches, aples, plums, cherries, melons and grapes; 
Mineral: iron, bauxite, clay, limestone, manganese, coal, slate, talc, sandstone and chert^ 

CHEROKEE COUNTY.— Population ; white, 13.958: colored, 1,285: total, 15,243 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,141,972; 1904, $2,184,644. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.00 to $30.00. Forest timbers: hickory, oak, pine, poplar, beech, ash, 
walnut, cherry and other hard woods. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, 
oats, rye, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, orchard and crab-grass 
and cloVer; Horticultural: vegetables of all sorts, apples, peaches, plums, cherries and 
berries; Mineral; gold, copper, iron, mica, talc and marble. 

CLARKE COUNTY.— Population: white, 8,230; colored, 9,478; total, 17,708. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $6,897,815; 1904, $7,269,235. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: pine, oak, poplar, hickory, birch, maple, 
cherry, ash, walnut and chestnut. Products; Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, 
rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, ground peas and hay from crab and Bermuda 
grass and clover; Horticultural: every kind of vegetable, peaches, apples, plums, cher- 
ries, canteloupes, watermelons, grapes and berries: Mineral: granite, graphite, galena. 

CLAY COUNTY.— Population : white, 2,865; colored, 5,703; total, 8,568. Aggre- 
gate value of whole property : 1903. $1,161,806; 1904, $1,275,401. Price of lands per 
acre: from $2.50 to $25.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, and other hard woods, long- 
leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rice, sugarcane, Irish and 
sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, Bermuda, Johnson and crab grass, sorghum 
forage and pea-vine hay; Horticultural: Melons, peaches, grapes, berries and all kinds 
of vegetables ; Mineral : marls. There are some mineral springs. 

CLAYTON COUNTY. — Population, white, 5,572; colored, 4,026; total, 9,598. 
-Aggregate value of whole propertv: 1903, $1,453,504; 1904, $1,494,391. Price of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, cherry, walnut, maple, 
ash and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat. r\'e, barley, sorghum 
cane, sugar cane, sweet and Irish potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from Timothy, 
red-top, blue, orchard, crab and Bermuda grasses, also clover and peavines; Horticul- 
tural: peaches, apples, berries, melons, cherries, plums, figs, and vegetables of all varie- 
ties; Mineral: asbestos. 

CLINCH COUNTY. — Population, 5,142; colored, 3,';9o: total, 8,732. Aggregate 
value of whole property: 1903, $1,042,544; 1904, $1,063,296. Price of lands per acre: 
from $2.50 to $15.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, cypress and live oak. Products: Ag- 
ricultural: sea-island cotton, corn, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, and tobacco: 
Horticultural: peaches, berries, pecans and vegetables: Mineral: marls. 

COBB COUNTY. — Population: white, 17,334; colored, 7,330; total, 24,664. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property; 1903, $5,218,525; 1904, $5,352,745. Price of lands per 
acre : from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers : yellow and white hickor3% post and red 
oak, maple, ash and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, Irish and 
sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, hay from crab grass, clover and 
peavines ; Horticultural : all Varieties of vegetables, peaches, apples, grapes, berries, 
melons ; Mineral : .gold, copper. 




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74 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

COFFEE COUNTY.— Population: white, 9,558; colored, 6,611; total, 16,169. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: $2,732,993. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to 
$45.00. Forest timbers: All varieties of oak. hickory, gum, yellow pine and cypress. 
Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, corn, sugar-cane. Irish and sweet potatoes, 
field-peas, ground-peas, crab-grass and peavine hay, and tobacco; Horticultural: all gar- 
den products, peaches, grapes, strawberries and melons; ^lineral: . 

COLQUITT COUNTY. — Population, white, 10,034; colored, 3,602; total, 13,636. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,777,044; 1904, $2,999,252. Price of lands 
jier acre : from $5.00 to $45.00. Forest timljers : long-leaf pine. Products : Agricultur- 
al : corn, upland and sea island cotton, sugar-cane. Irish and sweet potatoes, oats, field- 
peas and ground-peas and tobacco; Horticultural: peaches, grapes, and melons; Min- 
eral : . 

COLUMBIA COUNTY. — Population: white, 2,900; colored, 7,753; total, 10,653. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $923,167; 1904. $980,986. Price of lands per 
acre from $3.00 to $30.00. Forest timbers : oak, hickroy, maple, walnut and pine. 
Products: Agricultural: corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, field-peas, ground-peas, red 
clover, alfalfa and vetches ; Horticultural : peaches, apples, plums, peas, melons, ber 
ries and vegetables of all varieties; Mineral: gold and clay. 

COWETA COUNTY. — Population: white, 10,759; colored, 14.221; total, 24,980. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,747,401; 1904, $4,761,880. Price of lands 
per acre : from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers : oak, hickory, gum, walnut, maple and 
pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, field-peas, ground-peas, 
hay from Bermuda grass, peavines, sorghum and millet; Horticultural: apples, peach- 
es, pears, cherries, plums, grapes, every variety of vegetables, berries and melons; 
Mineral: gold and granite. 

CRAWFORD COUNTY.— Population, white, 4.550; colored, 5.818; total, 10,368. 
Aggregate value of whole property, 1903, $1,037,046; 1904, $1,042,669. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, bay, gum and pine. 
Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, sugar- 
cane, field-peas, ground-peas, crab and Bermuda grasses ; Horticultural : peaches, ap- 
ples, plums, pears, grapes, clicrries, berries, melons and all garden vegetables; Min- 
eral : clay. 

DADE COUNTY. — Population: white, 4.140; colored, 438; total. 4.578. Aggre- 
gate value of whole property: 1903, $974,972, 1904, $1,011,636. Price of lands per acre: 
From $2.50 to $30.00. l-'orest timbers: oak, hickory, chestnut, walnut, maple, cherry, 
ash. poplar, pine locust and birch. Products: Agricultural: cotton, wheat, corn, oats, 
barley, rye, Irish potatoes, crab grass, hay and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, 
grapes and nearly all vegetables: Mineral: coal and iron. 

DAWSON COUNTY.— l'oi)ulatinn, white. 5.271; colored. 171; total. 5.442. Ag- 
gregate vilue of whole property: 19U3. $557,585; 1904, $578,124. Price of lands per 
acre: $2.^i) to $25.00. Forest tinll)lM-g^. hickory, cedar, poplar, chestnut, locust, gum, 
walnut, Ock, birch and pine. Productsi .\gricultnral : cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, 
Irish and sweet potatoes, field pfa>, StVrghufti, crab-gra«s and tobacco; Horticulture: all 
kinds of vegetables, apples, peaclK's:,.cheri;ie-?f tfic'l0'n>. L^iajies and berries; Mineral: gold 
in large qiiaiititie's. ;S3^^i' 

DECATUR COUNTY.— Population; whtlcr i3;r,;crroTiored, 15.778; total, 29,454. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,567,481; 1904, $5,114,698. Price of lands 
per acre : from $3.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers : yellow-pine, cypress and various kinds 
of oaks. Products: .Agricultural: cotton (upland and sea-island), corn, sugar cane, 



Gcor.oiA's Resources and Advantages. 75 

oats, sweet and some Irisli potatoes, field peas, ground-peas, tobacco, grains and for- 
age crops. One farm lias nearly i.ooo acres in tobacco. The syrup industry is flour- 
ishing; Horticultural: peaches, i)lunis, berries of all kinds, figs, melons, and all the usual 
garden vegclables ; Mineral: Marls. 

DeKALB COUNTY. — Population: white, 14,068; colored, 7.044; total, 21,112. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,936,473: KJ04, $4,918,375. Price of lands pa 
acre: from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: oak, chestnut, cherry, walnut, hickory and 
pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, Irish and 
sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground peas and crab grass haj'; Horticultural: peaches, ap- 
ples, plums, cherries, pears, figs, berries, watermelons, cantaloupes, and all vegetables; 
Mineral: granite and gneiss. 

DODGE COUNTY.— Population : white. 8.270; colored, 5,705; total, 13,975. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,985,250; 1904, $2,187,573. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $35.00. b'orest timbers: yellow pine with some oak, hickory, anrl 
other hardwoods. Products: .Agricultural: corn, cotton (upland and sea-island), sugar- 
cane, oats, wheat, rye, sweet and Irish potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and hay from 
crab grass and German millet; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, figs, grapes, cher- 
ries, melons, berries and all the usual vegetables; Mineral: . 

DOOLY COUNTY.— Population, white, 11,883; colored, 14,684; total, $26,567. 
.Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,278,091; 1904, $4,560,950. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers: large quantities of yellow pine and 
some hard woods. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, sugar-cane, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, field peas, ground-peas,, crab-grass haj' ; Horticultural : the usual 
varieties of vegetables, melons, berries, figs, peaches, plums and cherries; Mineral: 
marls. 

DOUGHERTY COUNTY.— Population : white, 2,451; colored, 11,228; total, 13,- 
679. -VggrcLiate value . 1 whole property: 1903, $3,834,230; 1904, $4,087,868. Price of 
lands per acre: from •'' '.oo to $70.00. Forest timbers: 3'ellow pine, cypress and some 
hardwoods. Product- .Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, upland rice, sugar-cane. 
Irish and sweet pota: ( s, field-i)eas and ground-peas, crab and crowfoot grass, Egypt- 
ian corn, (ierman millet and sorghum forage: Horticultural: peaches, pears, grapes, 
figs, watermelons, cantaloupes and all varieties of vegetables; Mineral: . 

DOUGLAS COUNTY.— Population: white, 6,590: colored, 2,155; total, 8.745. 
.Aggregate value of wlv: • property, 1903, $1,123,062; 1904, $1,139,496. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.00 to v'jj.oo. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, chestnut, gum, birch, 
maple and some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, sorghum cane, field-peas, ground-peas and crab-grass hay ; Horti- 
cultural : peaches, apples, melons, berries, i^lums, cherries, figs and all vegetables; 
Mineral, ])yrites. 

EARLY COUNTY.— Population: white, 5,863; colored, 8.965; total. 14,828. Ag 
gregate value of whole |)roperty : 1903, $2,282,925; 1904. $2,693,430. Price of lands per 
acre: from $4.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, cypress, oak, walnut and 
red cedar. Products: .Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, sweet potatoes, sugar-cane, 
rice; Horticultural: all varieties of vegetables, melons, berries, peaches and figs; Min- 
eral : marls. 

ECHOLS COUNTY— Population: white. 2.218: olored. 991; total. 3,20(;. .Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $401,978: 1904. $435,543. Price of lands per 
acre: from $2.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, cypress. Products: .Agri- 
cultural: cotton (sea-island), corn, sugarcane, rice: Horticultural: the diflferent va- 
rieties of vegetables, some peaches, berries, melons; Mineral: marls. 



76 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

EFFINGHAM: COUNTY.— Population : white, 4,630; colored, 3,704; total, 8,334. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,237,191; 1904, $1,267,862. Price of 
lands per acre: from $3.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: pine and cypress. Products: 
Agricultural: cotton, both long (sea-island) and short (upland) staple, corn, sugar- 
cane, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, groundpeas and rice ; Horticultural : 
peaches, apples, pears, quinces, grapes, melons and all varieties of vegetables; Mm- 
era! : . 

ELBERT COUNTY. — Population: while, 9,936; colored, 9,793; total, 19,729. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,330,381 ; 1904, $2,412,722. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers : oak, hickory, chestnut, poplar, cherry, 
walnut and some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, bar- 
ley, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, ground peas, sorghum-cane, Bermuda grass 
hay; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, cherries, melons, berries and all varieties 
of vegetables ; Mineral : granite and graphite. 

EMANUEL COUNTY.— Population: white, 12,873; colored, 8,406; total, 21,279. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,730,499; 1904, $2,875,637. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: pine and cypress. Products: Ag- 
ricultural: upland and sea-island cotton, corn, sugarcane, oats, field-peas, ground-peas, 
sweet potatoes, hay from peavines and native grasses; Horticultural: vegetables of all 
kinds, peaches, figs, melons and berries; Mineral: marls. 

FANNIN COUNTY. — Population: white, 10,918; colored, 296; total, 11,214. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $935,795; 1904, $1,080,606. Price of lands 
per acre : from $3.00 to $30.00. Forest timbers: white oak, post-oak, hickory, ash, 
poplar, maple, walnut and some pine. Products : Agricultural : corn, oats, rye, 
wheat, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum-cane, field peas, crab-grass hay and clover; 
Horticultural: apples, cherries, some peaches, berries and the usual varieties of vege- 
tables ; Mineral : gold, copper. 

FAYETTE COUNTY.— Population : white, 6,553; colored, 3,561; total, 10,114. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,001,556; 1904, $1 '10,970. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickoi>, walnut, maple, chest- 
nut, pine, gum and poplar. Products: Agriculttu-al : cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, 
barley, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, ground-peas, sorghum and sugar-cane and 
crab grass hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, melons, grapes, berries, and all kinds 
of vegetables: Mineral: granite. 

FLOYD COUNTY. — Poinilation : white, 21,633; colored, 11,480: total, 33,113. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $9,003,028; 1904, $9,501,868. Price of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, walnut, maple, poplar, 
gum, chestnut and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, bar- 
'ley, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane and hay from 
crab grass and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, grapes, cherries, 
all varieties of berries, watermelons, cantaloupes and all kinds of vegetables ; Mineral : 
brown and red iron ores, manganese, bauxite, marble (variegated and black), slate, 
limestone, cement rock, lithographic stone, brown stone, kaolin, ochre, brick clay, bitu- 
minous shale, iron pyrite, gold, silver and lead. 

FORSYTH COUNTY.— Population: white, 10,467; colored, 1,083: total, 11,550. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,434,571; 1904. $1,505,072. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: second growth pine, hickory, chest- 
nut and the varieties of oak. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, barly, 
rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, hay from crab 
and Bermuda grass and from clover. The best hay of the county is a mixture of pea- 






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78 Georgia's Resources axd Ad\axtages. 

vine, sorghum and crab grass; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, grapes, berries, 
melons and vegetables of every kind; Mineral: gold and small amounts of silver and 
copper. 

FRANKLIN COUNTY.— Population : white, 13,496; colored, 4,.204 ; total, 17,70a 
Aggregate value of whole property: $1,916,413. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 
to $45.00. Forest timbers: diiiferent varieties of oak, hickory, maple, ash, birch, gum, 
walnut, poplar and some pine. Products: Agrucultural : cotton, corn, wheat, rye, 
oats, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoe.s, hay from crab and Bermuda grass ; Hor- 
ticultural : vegetables of all kinds, apples, peaches, berries and melons; Mineral: 
granite. 

FULTON COUNTY.— Population: white, 71,591; colored, 45,772; total, 117,363. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $55,550,135 ; 1904, $58,322,234. Price of 
lands per acre: from $10.00 to $125.00. Forest timbers: oak and walnut. Products: 
Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, field-peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet 
potatoes, hay from clover, blue grass, Bermuda, crab and orchard grasses, red top, Tim- 
othy and peavines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, cherries, plums, peas, grapes, ber- 
ries, melons and all kinds of vfegetables ; Mineral: some copper, iron pyrites, asbestos 
and gold, none of which are being mined. Clays for making brick and terra cotta are 
being worked. 

GILMER COUNTY. — Population: white, 10,121'; colored, 77 ; total, 10,198. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $769,366; 1904, $812,391. Price of lands per 
acre : from $2.50 to $25.00. Forest timbers : chiefly oak and poplar. Products : Ag- 
ricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, upland rice, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet 
potatoes, field-peas, red-top, Timothy, Bermuda, clover, crab, orchard and blue grass. 
Horticultural : apples, peaches, quinces, plums, cherries, grapes, some berries and mel- 
ons and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: gold, iron, white and variegated marbles, 
limestone, sandstone, mica, slate and granite. 

GLASCOCK COUNTY. — Population: white, 3,001 ; colored, 1.515; total, 4,516. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $445,558; 1904, $479;685. Price of lands 
per acre : from $5.00 to $25.00. Forest timbers : oak, walnut, pine, chestnut, hickory, 
maple, and gum. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane. 
Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground"peas : Horticultural: all varieties of vege- 
tables, apples, peaches, plums, cherries, grapes, melons and berries: Mineral: . 

GLYNN COUNTY. — Population: white, 5.200; colored, 9.117: total, 14.314. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,401,168; 1904, $4,483,692. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.00 to $50.00. l'"orest timbers: cypress, sweet-gum. beech, gum. 
white oak, live oak, post oak, ash, and yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: sea-is- 
land cotton, corn, sugar-cane, wheat, oats, rye, rice, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas 
and ground-peas, some hay from Bermuda and crab grass ; Horticultural : peaches, 
plums, pears, quinces, melons, figs, grapes and berries and all vegetables; Mineral: 
marls. 

GORDON COUNTY.— Population: white, 12,488; colored, 1.631; total, 14,119- 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,179,486; 1904, $2,249,857. Price of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: oak walnut, poplar, ash, hickory, 
chestnut and some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, sorghum-cane, field-peas, ground"peas, crab grass and clover hay ; 
Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, grapes, berries, melons, and all kinds of vege- 
tables; ^Mineral: iron, limestone, bauxite, black and variegated marble. 

GREENE COUNTY.— Population: white, 5.325: colored. 11,217; total, 16,542. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,057,237; 1904, $2,096,633. Price of 



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8o Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

lands per acre: From $5.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers: oak hickory, gum, maple, 
cherry and pine. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum cane, 
sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, clover, Bermuda, German millet and 
peavine hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, cherries, plums, grapes, berries, melons, 
and the usual kinds of vegetables; Mineral: Granite. 

GWINNETT COUNTY.— Population: white, 21,442; colored, 4,143; total, 25,585. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903,. $3,645,319; 1904, $3,793,296. Price of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, walnut, maple, poplar, 
gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, hay from crab grass and 
clover; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, cherries, pears, grapes, vegetables of all 
kinds, berries and melons; Mineral: granite, iron, quartz, buhrstone and some gold. 

HABERSHAM COUNTY.— Population : white, 11,812; colored, 1,792; total, 13,- 
604. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,793,859; 1904, $2,017,817. Price of 
lands per acre: from $2.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: white oak, post oak, poplar, 
maple, hickory, beech, walnut, cedar and pine. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, 
wheat, oats, rye, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas and ground-peas, 
clover, alfalfa, vetches and all the hay grasses; Horticultural: garden vegetables (es- 
pecially cabbage and Irish potatoes), apples, plums, pears, grapes, cherries, melons and 
berries; Mineral: iron, graphite, asbestos, gold, copper, ochre, manganese, marble, slate, 
graphite, talc and sandstone. 

HALL COUNTY.— Population: white, 17,480; colored, 3.272; total, 20,752. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property : 1903, $5,184,207; 1904, $5,458,633. Price of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: white oak, post-oak, poplar, hick- 
ory, pine, maple, ash, walnut, mountain oak and locust. Products : Agricultural : corn, 
cotton, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground- 
peas, crab and Bermuda grass and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, 
plums, cherries, grapes, figs, berries, melons and all garden produce; Mineral: gold, 
granite and other building stones, brick clay, and some iron, lead and silver. 

HANCOCK COUNTY.— Population: white, 4,649; colored, 13,628; total, 18,277. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,049,963; 1904, $2,287,418. Price of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: pine, oak, sweet gum. maple, hickory 
and walnut. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish and sweet 
potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sugar-cane and sorghum-cane, crab and Bermuda 
grass and clover ; Horticultural : apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, mel- 
ons, berries, and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: asbestos, plumbago, kaolin and 
agate. 

HARALSON COUNTY.— Population : white, 10,280; colored, 1,642; total, 11,922. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,570,120; 1904, $1,593,419. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3-00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, walnut, gum, maple, 
poplar, and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum- 
cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab grass and clover ; Horticul- 
tural : apples, peaches, plums, cherries, grapes, berries, melons and all garden vegeta- 
bles; Mineral: gold. 

HARRIS COUNTY.— Population: white, 5,823; colored, 12,186; total, 18,009. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,805,699; 1904, $1,800,790. Price of lands per 
acre: from $4.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, walnut, hickory, maple, 
cherry, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, 
sugar-cane, sorghum-cane, sweet and Irish potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab grass 



82 Georgia's Resources and Advaxtages. 

hay; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and grapes; 
iMmeral: Granite. 

HART COUNTY. — Population : white, 10,467: colored, 4,025; total, 14,492. Ag-- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,613,825; 1904, $1,678,978. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, hickory, walnut, cherry, ash, 
gum, and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sor- 
ghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab and Bermuda 
grasses, German and cattail millet, Japan clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, 
cherries, plums, grapes, melons, berries and all kinds of \'egetal)les ; Almcral: granite. 

HEARD COUNTY. — Population: white, 7,163; colored, 4,014; total, 11,177. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $964,476; 1904, $9*3,825. Price of lands per 
acre : from $4.00 to $35.00. I*"orest timbers : oak, hickory, maple, poplar, w-alnut, 
gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, r\^e, Irish and sweet 
potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, crab and Bermuda grass ; 
Horticultural : Vegetables of all kinds, peaches, apples, pears, cherries, melons, grapes 
and plums; Mineral: granite. 

HENRY COUNTY.— Population: white, 9,213; colored, 9,389; total, 18,602. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,437,155; 1904, $2,350,267. Price of lands 
per acre : from $5.00 to -$45.00. Forest timbers : oak, walnut, chestnut, poplar, ma- 
ple, cherry, pine and gum. Products : Agricultural : corn, cotton, wheat, oats, bar- 
ley, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, tield-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, 
crab and Bermuda grasses and clover; Horticultural : apples, peaches, pears, figs, plums, 
cherries, melons, grapes, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Alineral : granite. 

HOUSTON COUNTY.— Population: white, 5,635; colored, 17,006; total, 22,641. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,989,300; 1904, $2,995,255. Price of lands 
per acre : from $5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers : oak, poplar, walnut, maple and yel- 
low pine. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, Irish and sweet po- 
tatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, crab-grass hay ; Horticultu- 
ral : peaches ( greatest peach county in the United States), apples, pears, plums, figs, 
cherries, grapes, berries, melons, and vegetables of every kind; Mineral: clay. 

IRWIN COUNTY.— Population: white, 8.960; colored, 4,685; total, 13,465. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,753,318; 1904, $3,279,039. Price of lands per 
acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, white-oak, wateroak, tulip. 
Juniper, cypress, black-gum, cedar, red oak, ash and hickory. Products : Agricultural : 
cotton (sea island and upland), corn, wheat, oats, rye, rice, sugar-cane, sorghum-cane, 
sweet and Irish potatoes, field peas, ground-peas, hay from Bermuda, crab and crow- 
foot grasses, peavines, cattail millet and velvet beans; Horticultural: apples, peaches, 
pears, plum, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and all vegetables; Mineral: . 

JACKSON COUNTY. — Population: white, 16,433; colored, 7,606; total, 24,039. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,473,151 ; 1904, $3,615,769. Price of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: pine, oak, post-oak. water-oak, 
white-oak, hickory, poplar, persimmon, beech, dogwood, birch and ash. Products: Ag- 
ricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, rye, barley, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, 
ground-peas, sorghum cane, hay from crab grass, millet, red clover, Bermuda grass 
and peavines; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries, 
and vegetables of all kinds; Mineral: granite, quartz, soapstone, asbestos, tourmaline 
and some iron ore. 

JASPER COUNTY.— Population: white. 5,388; colored, 9,645 ; total. 15,033. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,767,355: 1904. $1,822,226. Price of lands 



84 Georgia's Resources axd Advantages. 

per acre: from $5.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers; uak, poplar, hickory, walnut, maple, 
cherry, gum and pine. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, 
Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum cane, sugar-cane, Bermuda 
and crab grass hay; Horticultural: apples, grapes, berries: Mineral, . 

JEFFERSON COUNTY.— Population : white, 6,634; colored, 11,578; total, 18,- 
212. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903. $2,613,660; 1904, $2,864,255. Price 
of lands per acre : from $5.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers : oak, hickory, poplar, wal- 
nut, cherry, maple and long-leaf pine. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, 
oats, rye, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, 
Bermuda and crab grass ; Horticultural : peaches, apples, grapes, cherries, melons, ber- 
ries and the usual garden vegetables ; Mineral : Buhrstone, limestone, marls. Some spec- 
imens of agate and chalcedony have been found. 

JOHNSON COUNTY. — Population: white, 6,878; colored, 4,531; total, 11,409. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,501,082; 1904, $1,641,644. Price of lands 
per acre : from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers : some hard woods as oak, hickory, 
poplar, etc., and large quantities of long-leaf (yellow) pine. Products: Agricultural: 
cotton (upland and sea-island), corn, oats, wheat, rye, sugarcane, sorghum-cane, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, crab grass and peavine hay, field-peas and grouna-peas ; Horticul- 
tural: all vegetables, apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, melons and ber- 
ries; Mineral: . 

JONES COUNTY. — Population: wiiite, 3,908; colored, 9,450; total, 13,358. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,074,353; 1904, $1,059,437. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar and other hard- 
woods, also short-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, 
barley, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, field-peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, 
haj- from Bernuida and crab grass and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, figs, 
pears, plums, berries, melons, cherries and all the usual vegetables; Mineral: kaolin. 



LAURENS COUNTY.— Population: white, 14,569 ; colored, 11,339; total, 25,5 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,833,823; 1904, $3,998,411. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: a few hard woods and large quan- 
tities of yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton (upland and sea-island), corn, 
wheat, rye, oats, barley, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, field-peas, ground-peas, Irish and 
sweet potatoes, hay from Bermuda and crab-grasses and peavines ; Horticultural : 
peaches, apples, figs, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries, grapes and all the common 
garden vegetables ; Mineral : marls. 

LEE COUNTY. — Population: white, 1,507; colored, 8,837; total, 10,344. Aggre- 
gate value of whole property: $1,231,868. Price of lands per acre: from $4.00 to 
$35.00. Forest timbers: poplar, cypress, hickory, white oak and yellow pine. Prod- 
ucts: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, hay from Bermuda, crab and crow- 
foot grasses and peavines ; Horticultural : vegetables of all kinds, melons, peaches, ap- 
ples, pears, berries and cherries: Mineral :marls. 

LIBERTY COUNTY.— Population: white, 4,479; colored, 8,614; total, 13,093. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,361,346; 1904, $1,396,180. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, oak, palmetto, gum. cy- 
press, magnolia, poplar, maple and hickory. Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, 
corn, rice, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, sugar-cane, hav 
from Bermuda, crab and crowfoot grasses; Horticultural: vegetables of every kind, 
apples, peaches, grapes, melons, cherries and berries: Mineral: marls. 

LINCOLN COUNTY.— Population: white, 2,883; colored, 4,273; total, 7,156. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903. $718,740; 1904, $726,889. Price of lands per 



o 




86 Georgia's Resource- and Adx'antages. 

acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: several varieties of oak, hickory, poplar, 
maple, dogwood and a considerable quantity of pine. Products: Agricultural: cot- 
ton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, and barley, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet po- 
tatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grasses and clover; Horti- 
cultural : peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and Vegetables of all 
kinds; Mineral: gold and granite. 

LOWNDES COUNTY.— Population: white, 9.347; colored, 10,689; total, 20,036. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,644,290; 1904, $4,861,712. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: some oak and poplar and other hard- 
woods and extensive forests of yellow pine. Products : Agricultural : upland and a 
much larger amount of sea-island cotton, corn, sugar-cane, sorghum-cane, Irish and 
sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, broom corn, and hay from crab and crowfoot 
grasses and peavines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, 
berries, grapes and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: marls. 

LUMPKIN COUNTY.— Population: white, 6,951 ; colored, 482; total, 7,433. Ag- 
gregate value of white property: $902,520. Price of lands per acre: from $5.00 to 
$50.00. Forest timbers: oaks of various kinds, hickory, ash, poplar, maple, gum, 
beech, birch, walnut and some pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, wheat, oats, rye, 
barley, sorghum-cane, field peas. Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas and a little upland 
cotton; Horticultural: peaches, pears, quincc> and apples of the best quality; Mineral: 
gold in large quantities. 

McDUFFIE COUNTY.— Population: white, 3,661; colored, 6,143; total, 9,804. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,392,276; 1904, $1,463,113. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar and other hard 
woods and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, field- 
peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, hay from crab grass and peavines ; Hor- 
ticultural : vegetables of all kinds, apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, berries, 
grapes, -watermelons, canteloupes: ?klineral : gold and clay. 

McINTOSH COUNTY.— Population: white, 1.456; colored, 5,081; total, 6,537. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903. $690,455; 1904. $679,242. Price of lands 
per acre: from $2.50 to $25.00. Forest timbers: cypress, sweet-gum, white and live 
oak, ash, hickory and pine. Products: A-gricultural : sea-island cotton, corn, oats, su- 
garcane, rice. Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and crab grass hay; 
Horticultural; peaches, melons, berries, and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: marls. 

MACON COUNTY. — Population: white, 4.302; colored, 9,791; total, 14,093. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property : 1903, $2,140,334; 1904, $2,263,089. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: Oak, poplar, and long-leaf pine. 
Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, sorghum-cane, 
Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from crab grass and peavines ; 
Horticultural : peaches in great quantities, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, ber- 
ries and all the usual garden vegetables ; Mineral: clay. This is the second peach-grow- 
ing county in the State, ranking next to Houston. 

MADISON COUNTY.— Population: white, 9.339; colored. 3.885; total, 13.224. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,216,490; 1904, $1,316,762. Price of lands 
per acre : from $3.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers : Oaks, walnut, poplar, cherry, gum, 
maple, cedar and short-leaf pine. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, 
rye, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab grass hay and 
some tobacco ; Horticultural : Every kind of vegetable, apples, peaches, grapes, melons, 
and berries; Mineral: graphite. 



o 
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88 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

MARION COUNTY.— Population: white, 4,231 ; colored, 5,849; total, 10,080. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property, 1903, $1,176,309; 1904, $1,214,769. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3-50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: Some good hardwoods and a little long- 
leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sorghum-cane, su- 
gar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground"peas, and hay from crab and pea- 
vines; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, figs, melons, berries and all varieties of veg- 
etables : Mineral, . 

MERIWETHER COUNTY.— Population : white, 9,522; colored, 13,817; total, 
23.330- Aggregate value of wh(fie property: 1903, $1,995,884; 1904, $1,942,160. Price 
of lands per acre: from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar, maple, 
walnut and some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sor- 
ghum-cane, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and crab 
grass hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, cherries, plums, melons, berries, 
grapes and the usual kinds of vegetables; Mineral: gold, iron, asbestos and granite. 

MILLER COUNTY.— Population: white, 3.61 1; colored, 2.708; total, 6,319. .Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,053,804; 1904, $1,289,856. Price of lands 
l)er acre: from $3.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: some hard weeds and a considerable 
(|uantity of long-leaf pine. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, sugar-cane, oats, 
sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas; Horticultural: vegetables of all kinds, 
peaches, apples, melons, berries, plums and cherries; Mineral: . 

MILTON COUNTY. — Population: white, 6,000; colored, 763; total, 6,763. Aggre- 
gate value of whole property: 1903, $910,206; 1904, $904,267. Price of lands per acre: 
from $3.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: oak, walnut, hickory, chestnut, maple, cherry, 
gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, barley, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, and hay from crabgrass and clover; 
Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plum>. cherries, grapes, melons, berries and the 
usual garden products; Mineral: mica and granite. 

MITCHELL COUNTY.— Population :white, 6,778; colored, 7,989; total, $14,767. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,743,784; 1904, $3,173,085. Price of lands 
per acre : fro m$3.50 to $40.00. Forest timbers : some hardwoods and considerable 
long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: upland and sea-island cotton, wheat, corn, 
oats, rice, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas and ground-peas, sugar-cane, Bermuda 
and crab-grass and peavines ; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, melons, berries, 
grapes and all the usual garden vegetables; Mineral: marls. 

MONROE COUNTY.— Population: white, 6,817: colored, 13,865; total, 20,682. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,478,663 ; 1904, $2,568,114. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, walnut, hickory and 
pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, 
field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum-cane, sugar-cane, crab-grass hay ; Horticultural : 
jieaches, apples, pears, figs, plums, cherries, melons, grapes, berries and every variety 
of vegetal.des : mineral: mica. 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY.— Population: white, 9,653; colored, 6,706; total, 16,- 
359. Aggregate value of whole property : 1903, $2,441,667; 1904, $2,662,810. Price of 
lands per acre: from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers: cypress, oak, hickory, ash and 
long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, rice, sugar-cane, Irish and 
sweet potatoes, field-peas and ground-peas; Horticultural: peaches, apples, figs, pears, 
berries, melons and all kinds of vegetables : IMineral : marls. 

MORGAN COUNTY.— Population: white, 5,207; colored, 10,606; total, 15,813. 
Aggregate value of whole property : 1903, $3,202,602. Price of lands per acre : from 



LEGEND 



L I I^ong-Leaf Pine. 

? ) I I Short-Leaf Pine 



1 ^ "^"v^ '^^^ ^^ i 1 f -—— I Oakland other hard 

^ / I ^ \ - / ' " I I woodB, with Short-Leal 



J 1 Ftr«t or Greatest Dejfree 
I I of Density. 

r|^^BSecond Deirrcfl of Density. 
I^^HThlrd Uegreaof Density. 



I > f r.Msnt.wft.' 



FORESTRY MAP 



GEORGIA. 

mg tlif I'r.-vailini: '1 im 'icr-J and K»la< 
e Denstty of Bxlstlag Poreac Areas, 

DEPARTMENT OF ASRiCULTU IE. 






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90 Georgia's Resources axu Advantages. 

•$5.00 to $50.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods and some second growth pine. 
Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar- 
cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and large crop of hay from red 
top, Bermuda, crab and orchard grasses, peavines and clover; Horticultural: peaches, 
apples, pears, cherries, grapes, melons, plums, berries and all kinds of vegetables; Min- 
eral : some mica. 

MURRAY COUNTY. — Population: white, 8,102; colored, 521; total, 8,623. Ag- 
gregate value of whulc property: 1903, $1,100,924; 1904, $1,157,704. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, ash, beech, b'rch, laurel, chestnut, 
hickory, walnut, maple, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, 
rye, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghumxane, field-peas, and hay from crab-grass 
and clover ; Horticultural : apples, peaches, plums, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and 
all kinds of vegetables; INIineral : gold, talc, limestone, marble. 

MUSCOGEE COUNTY.— Population: white, 14,229; colored, 15,607; total, 29,836. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $16,275,610 ; 1904, $17,593,405. Price of 
lands per acre: from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickor\', poplar, chestnut, 
dogwood and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, sorghum and 
sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground peas, hay from crab and John- 
son grasses; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, pears, cherries, grapes, melons and 
berries: Mineral: granite. 

NEWTON COUNTY.— Population : white, 8.589; colored, 8,145; total, 16,734. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,088,533; 1904, $3,365,214. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.50 to $70.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods, as oak and poplar, 
and second growth pines. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, 
barley, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, sorghum and sugarcane, 
hay from crab and Bermuda grass; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, cherries, figs, 
grapes, melons, berries, and all kinds of vegetables ; Mineral : granite. 

OCONEE COUNTY.— Population: white, 4,189; colored, 4,413 : total, 8,602. Ag- 
gregate value of wliole property: 1903, $1,145,712; 1904, $1,176,900. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, chestnut, walnut, syca- 
more, poplar, maple, ash and gum and short-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cot- 
ton, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field" 
peas and ground-peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grasses, peavines and clover; Hor- 
ticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, figs, melons, berries and all kinds 
of vegetables; Mineral: mica, feldspar, horn-ljlende and gneiss. 

OGLETHORPE COUNTY.— Population : white, 5,638; colored, 12.243; total. 
17,881. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,691,952; 1904, $1,829,879. Price 
of lands per acre : from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers : oak, pine, hickory, poplar, 
birch, ash, maple, sweet gum, blackgum, dogwood and cedar. Products: Agricultural: 
cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field- 
peas, groundpeas. hay from Bermuda, crab-grass and clover ; Horticultural : apples, 
peaches, pears, cherries, grapes, plums, figs, melons, berries and all kinds of vegeta- 
Ijles; Mineral: .gold, granite, graphite and ochre. 

PAULDING COUNTY. — Population : white, 11,624; colored, 1.345; total. 12,969. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,536,103; 1904, $1,604,030. Price of land 
per acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, pine, gum, maple, 
walnut, chestnut, birch. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, bar- 
ley, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes; field-peas, ground-peas, hay from crab- 



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92 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

grass, peavines, and clover; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, mel- 
ons, berries and the usual vegetables; Mineral: gold, pyrites and shales. 

PICKENS COUNTY.— Population: white, 8,226; colored, 415; total, 8,641. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property : 1903, $838,885 ; 1904, $830,477. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $25.00. Forest timbers: oak of the various kinds, ash, poplar, 
hickory, maple, and other hardwoods and short-leaf pine. Products : Agricultural : 
corn, wheat, barley, oats, rye, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, crab- 
grass hay, clover, and some tobacco ; Horticultural : apples, peaches, pears, plums, 
cherries, grapes, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables (cabbages and turnips be- 
ing specially fine) ; Mineral: marble in large quantities, iron ore and limestone. 

PIERCE COUNTY.— I'oj.ulation: white, 5,916; colored, 2,184: total, 8.100. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 103, $1,797,691; 1904, $1,942,238. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, black gum, poplar, maple, 
and cj'press in considerable quantities and a great quantity of yellow (long-leaf) pine. 
Products: Agricultural: sea-island cotton, corn, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, sugar- 
cane, field-peas, ground-peas, and crab grass hay: Horticultural: peaches, pears, ber- 
ries, melons and all kinds of vegetables :]\Iineral. 

PIKE COUNTY.-^Population: white, 9,158; colored, 9,603; total. 18.761. Xi'gre- 
gate value of whole property: 1903, $2,530817; 1904, $2,710,078. Price of lands per 
acre: from $5.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak. poplar, hickory, walnut, maple, 
cherry, gum and some short leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: citton, corn, wheat. 
oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugarcane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground- 
peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grass, peavine and various kinds of millets; Horti- 
cultural: apples, peaches, pears, grapes, cherries, melons, berries and all the vegeta- 
bles; Mineral: . 

POLK COUNTY.— Population: white, 12937; colored, 4.919; total. 17,856. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,594,746; 1904. $3,833,144. Price of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $65.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, hickory, chestnut, ma- 
ple, cherry, beech, birch, gum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, 
rye, oats, barley, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum and sugar-cane, field peas, ground- 
peas, and hay from crab and Bermuda grass and clover; Horticulturl : apples, peaches, 
pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and vegetables of every kind; Mineral: iron and 
slate. 

PULASKI COUNTY.— Population: white, 7,460; colored, 11,029; total, 18,480. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,598,686; 1904, $2,740,641. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.50 to $50.00. Forest timbers : oak. poplar, gum, hickory, cypress 
and long-leaf pine. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugarcane, 
sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas ; Horticultural : apples, 
peaches, pears, cherries, melons, berries and all kinds of vegetables : Mineral : Clay and 
limestone. 

PUTNAM COUNTY. — Population: white, 3,379; colored, 10,057: total, 13,436. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,957,709; 1904, $1,964,873. Price of lands 
per acre : from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers : oak, chestnut, hickory, poplar, cher- 
r)^, ash, walnut, sweetgum and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, 
oats, hay, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar cane. Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, 
groimd-peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grass ; Horticultural : peaches, apples, pears, 
figs, plums, cherries, pomegranates, melons, berries and all garden vegetables; Mineral: 
granite and brick clay. 



94 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

QUITMAN COUNTY.— Population: white, 1,254; colored. 3,447; total, 4.701. 
Aggregate value of whole property : 1903, $532,942 ; 1904, $560,673. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $20.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, chestnut, beech, gum. wal- 
nut, poplar and some yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, 
rye, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, 
rice, hay from crab, Bermuda and Johnson grass ; Horticultural : peaches, pears, apples, 
figs, melons, berries and all the usual garden vegetables: Mineral: — . 

RABUN COUNTY.— Population: white, 6,104; colored, 181; total, 6,285. Aggre- 
gate value of wdiule property: 1903, $578,195; 1904, $761,702. Price of lands per acre: 
from $3.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, chestnut, walnut, poplar, cedar, 
maple, beech, ash, birch, gum, persimmon and pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, 
wheat, oats, rye, upland rice, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum cane, field-peas, ground 
peas, hay from crab and Bermuda grass and clover ; Horticultural : apples of the finest 
quality, some of the other fruits and all kinds of vegetables, especially white head cab^ 
bage of enormous size; Mineral: gold, asbestos, mica, corniulum, copper, sandstone, 
iron, carbonate of iron and alum. 

RANDOLPH COUNTY.— Population: white, 5.550; colored, 11,297; total, 16,- 
S47. Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,161,950; 1904, $2,338,354. Price of 
lands per acre: from $5.00 to $65.00. Forest timbers: ash, maple, poplar and yellow 
pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wdieat, rye, oats, sugar-cane, Irish and 
sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, upland rice, hay from crab and crowfoot grass- 
es and peavines ; Horticultural : peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries, 
and all the usual garden vegetables; ^Mineral: . 

RICHMOND' COUNTY.— Population: white, 27,439; colored, 26,296; total, 53,- 
735. Aggregate value of whole property: $23,023,761. Price of lands per acre: from 
$5.00 to $100.00. Forest timbers : oak, walnut, sweetgum, cherry, maple, poplar, pine. 
Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, barley, peas, hay from Ber- 
muda, crab and Guinea grasses, peavines and vetch; Horticultural: peaches, apples, 
plums, pears, cherries, grapes, figs, some pecans and vegetables of every kind; also 
some pecans; Mineral: sandstone, kaolin, brick and pottery clay. 

ROCKDALE COUNTY.— Population: white, 4,419; colored, 3,096; total, 7,515. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,494,132; 1904, $1,625,061. Price of lands 
per acre : from $3.50 to $60.00. Forest timbers : oak, hickory, walnut, sweet gum, 
poplar, maple, ash and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, 
barley, sorghum and sugar cane, field peas, ground peas, Irish and sweet potatoes, 
hay from crab and Bermuda grasses, peavines and different species of millet; Horticul- 
tural : apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, figs, grapes, melons, berries and all the 
usual garden products; Mineral: granite in large quantities. 

SCHLEY COUNTY. — Population: white, 1,916; colored, 3.583; total, 5,499. Ag- 
gregate yalue (if whole property: 1903, $802,096: 1904. $851,632. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $20.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, ash, maple and long-leaf 
pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet pota- 
toes, field peas and ground peas; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, ber- 
ries, melons, and vegetables of all kinds; INIineral : . 

SCREVEN COUNTY.— Population: wdiite, 8.306; colored, 10.946; total, 19,252, 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,810,148; 1904, $1,984,098. Price of lands 
per acre: rfom $4.00 to $20.00. Forest timbers: white oak, ash, maple, poplar, long- 
leaf pine and cypress. Products: Agricultural: Upland and some sea-island cotton, 
corn, wheat, oats, rye, rice, sorghum and sugarcane, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, 
Irish and sweet potatoes, hay from crab grass and peavines: Horticultural: peaches. 



Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 95 

apples, phiiiis. fiijs, melons, berries and all kimls of \cgetables ; Mineral: bulirstone and 
clay. 

SPALDING COUNTY.— Population: while, 8,465; colored, 9,154; total, 17,619. 
.Xggreyale \alue of w hole pr,)perty: 1903, $4,264,784; 1904, $4,425,580. i'ricc of lands 
per acre: from $5.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers: Oak, ash, maple and poplar and pine. 
Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes, sor- 
ghum, millet, pcavines, clover and vetches; Horticultural: a])ples, peaches, pears, 
grapes, cherries, mek)ns, berries and all kinds of vegetables: Mineral, granite. 

STEWART COUNTY.— I'npulalion: while, 4,019; colored. 11,837; total, 15,856. 
.\ggregale value of wlmK- proi)erty : 1903, $1,914,755; 1904, $1,929,366. Price of 
lands per acre: from $3.50 to $50.00. Forest timbers: Some hardwoods and long-leaf 
pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, wheat, rj'e, sugarcane, Irish and sweet potatoes, 
(ield-peas, ground-peas, crab, Bermuda, Johnson and Crowfoot grasses; Horticultural: 
]H-aches, plums, apples, pears, berries, inelons and all vegetables; Mineral: marls and 
Ijvick clay. 

SUMTER COUNTY.— I 'oiHilation: while, 7.399; colored, 18,813; total, 26,212. 
.Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,913,563; 1904, $5,376,180. Price of lands 
per acre : from $3.50 to $75.00. Forest timbers : oak, poplar, hickory and other hard- 
woods and yellow pine and cypress. Products: Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, 
rye, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, Bermuda and crab- 
grass and pcavines for hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, 
melons, berries, am! all varieties of vegetables: Mineral: marls. 

TALBOT COUNTY.— Population: wiiile, 3,658; colored, 8,539; total, 12,197. Ag- 
gregate \alue ul whole property: 1903, $1,107,902; 1904, $1,129,559. Price of lands 
per acre : from $3.50 to $35.00. Forest timbers : some hardwoods and pine. Prod- 
ucts : Agricultural : corn, cotton, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar cane, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, and crab-grass hay ; Horticultural : apples, 
peaches, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and all garden vegetables; Mineral, — . 

TALIAFERRO COUNTY.— Population : while, 2.391; colored. 5.521; total, 7,- 
912. Aggrcgati- vaUu- di whole property: 1903, $725,838; 1904, $741,150. Price of 
lands per acre: from $4.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods and some 
short-leaf pine. Products: .Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sor- 
ghum and sugar-cane, field peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet potatoes and crab grass 
liay; Horticultural : peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, melons, berries and all va- 
rieties of vegetables; Mineral. . 

TATTNALL COUNTY.— Population : white, 13.306; colored. 7.113: total. 20,419. 
Aggregate value of wiiole ])ropcrty: 1903, $4,000,000; 1904. $4,051,071. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods ami extensive 
forests of long-leaf (yellow) pine. I'roducts: Agricultural : sea-island cotton, com. 
Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, groundpeas and sugar-cane; Horticultural: 
l)eaches and other fruits, melons, berries anfl all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: marls. 

TAYLOR COUNTY— Population: white. 4.820: colored. 5.026; total. 9,846. .Ag- 
gregate value of whole r])oi>erty : 1903, $1,009,507; 1904. $1,088,465. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $35.00. Forest timbers: some hardwoods and pine. Products: 
.Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats. rye. sugar-cane. Irish and sweet potatoes, field- 
peas, ground-peas, hay from crab grass; Horticultural: i^eaches. apples, pears, plums, 
cherries, melons, berries, and all vegetables; Mineral: clay. 



g6 Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

TELFAIR COUNTY. — Population: white, 5,957; colored, 4,126; total, 10,083. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property : 1903, $1,360,631 : 1903, $1,726,597. Price of lanas 
per acre : from $3.00 o $25.00. Forest timbers : some hardwoods, including cypress, 
but the most extensive forests of pine. Products: Agricultural: upland and sea-island 
cotton, corn, oats, rye, sugarcane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, 
chufas, rice, millet, crab-grass hay; Horticultural: peaches, apples, plums, pears, ber- 
ries, melons, and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral, . 

TERRELL COUNTY. — Population: white, 5,674; colored, 13,349; total, 19,023. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,879,678; 1904, $3,195,923. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $bo.oo. Forest timbers: oak, white oak, ash, maple, sycamore, 
poplar, gum, magnolia and long-leaf pine. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, 
wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, fiekbpeas, ground- 
peas, crab and Bermuda grass, peavines and velvet beans; Horticultural: peaches, ap- 
ples, plums, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and vegetables of every variety; Miner 
al : marls. 

THOMAS COUNTY. — Population: white, 13.626; colored, 17,450; total, 31,076. 
Aggregate value uf whole property: 1903, $5,056,631; 1904, $5,650,938. Price of 
lands per acre : from $4.00 to $75.00. Forest timbers : various kinds of oak, hickory, 
poplar, magnolia, gum, beech and large quantities of yellow pine. Products : Agri- 
cultural : upland and sea-island cotton, corn, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar- 
cane, field-peas, ground-peas and crab-grass hay; Horticultural: all varieties of vege- 
tables, peaches, pears, apples, plums, berries, figs, grapes and melons; Mineral: marls. 

TOWNS COUNTY. — Population: white, 4,677; colored, 71; total, 4,748. Aggre- 
gate value of whole property: 1903, $376,180; 1904, $401,445. Price of lands per acre: 
from $3.00 to $10.00. Forest timbers: oak. hickory, poplar, walnut, chestnut, cherry, 
Lynn birch, maple, ash, locust and pine. Products: Agricultural: corn, oats, wheat, 
rye, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab-grass and peavine 
hay, red-top and clov'er ; Horticultural : some peaches, grapes, cherries, plums, melons 
ands berries, abundance of apples of best quality, chestnuts, vegetables of all kinds, 
among which are turnips of immense size and cabbages of best quality and size ; Min- 
eral: granite, serpentine gneiss, gold, iron, chrome, magnetite, manganese, asbestos, 
talc, ochre, yellow and red plumbago, buhrstones, some gems and abundance of corun- 
dum. 

TROUP COUNTY.— Population: white, 8,668; colored, 15,334; total, 24,002. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $4,435,034; 1904, $4,556,204. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $80.00. Forest timbers: yellow pine, oak, hickory, maple, 
walnut, sweet gum, poplar, ash and cherry. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, 
wheat, oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, 
ground peas, hay from Bermuda and crabgrass, peavines. clover and wheat hay; Hor- 
ticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, melons, berries, figs, and 
the best of all varieties of vegetables and pecans: Mineral: some granite. 

TV/IGGS COUNTY.— Population: white, 2,911; colored, 5,805; total, 8.716. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $881,051 ; 1904, $853,426. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.00 to $15.00. Forest timbers: pine, hickory, oak, poplar and other hard- 
woods peculiar to this section. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, 
rye. sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweeet potatoes, field-peas and ground-peas, 
Bermuda and crab grass hay, and peavines: Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, 
plums, figs, cherries, melons, berries and all varieties of vegetables; Mineral: pottery 
clay and bluestone., 



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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. cyj 

UNION COUNTY.— I'ni.nlatioii: white, 8,353; colored, 128; total, 8,481. Aggre- 
gate value of whole property : $576,845. Price of lands per acre: from $3.00 to $10.00. 
Forest timbers: oaks of various kinds, hickory, poplar, white and spruce pine, gum, 
walnut, black locust, maple and laurel. Products: Agricultural: corn, wheat, rye, sor- 
ghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas and ground-peas, hay from crab and 
herd's grass, red top and clover; Horticultural: peaches, plums, cherries, large quanti- 
ties of apples of finest quality, all varieties of garden vegetables, including turnips and 
cabbages of the best quality and size; Mineral: iron ore, alum, sulphate of iron and 
granite quartz, millstones and variegated marble. 

UPSON COUNTY.— Population: white. 6,189; colored, 7,481; total, 13,670. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: $1,652,276. Price of lands per acre: from $3.50 to 
$45.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, elm and other hardwoods, also some pine. 
Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, rye, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish 
and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab and Bermuda grass hay; Horticultu- 
ral: peaches, apples, pears, figs, cherries, berries, melons, and all kinds of vegetables: 
ATineral : mica. 

WALKER COUNTY,— Population: white. 13,197; colored, 2,464; total, 15,661. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,542,121; 1904, $2,805,473. Price of 
lands per acre: from $3.00 to $45.00. Forest timbers oak, ash, walnut, hickory, ma- 
ple, poplar, laurel, gum, chestnut and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, 
wheat, rye. oats and barley, sorghum, field-peas, ground-peas, Irish and sweet pota- 
toes, hay from crab grass and clover; Horticultural: peaches, apples, pears, plums, 
cherries, melons, berries, and all kinds of vegetables, especially the finest of cabbages; 
Mineral: iron, bituminous coal, granite, marble and limestone. 

WALTON COUNTY.— Population: white, 12,601; colored, 8,341; total, 20,942. 
A.ggregate value of whole property: 1903,83,425,073; 1904. $3,535,623. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest timbers: oak, poplar, hickory, walnut, sweet- 
gum, maple, ash, cherry and some pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, 
oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground- 
peas, hay from Bermuda, crab-grass and peavines ; Horticultural: apples, peaches, 
plums, cherries, mclnns, berries, figs and vegetables of all kinds; Mineral: granite. 

WARE COUNTY. — Population: white, 8,652; colored, 5.109; total, 13,761. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property : 1903, $3,349,133 ; 1904, $3,665,080. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4 to $60.00. Forest timbers: a few hardwoods, as oaks, gums, cy- 
press, magnolia, and large quantities of yel-low pine. Products: Agricultural: sea-is- 
land cotton, corn. oats, rice, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground- 
peas, crab-grass hay and tobacco: Horticultural: peaches, melons, berries, figs, pears, 

plums and oranges and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral: marls. 
• -* 

WARREN COUNTY,— Population: white. 3.842; colored, 7,621; total, 11,463, 
aggrc.;.;ate Nalue of whole property: r903, $r ,345.285 ; 1904, $1,433,589. Price of lands 
per acre: from $4.00 to $60,00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, poplar, persimmon, dog- 
wood, laurel, bay, chestnut, and pine. Products: .Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, 
oats. rye. barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground- 
peas, hay from crab grass, sorghum and peavines; Horticultural: peaches. apples, 
plums, cherries, melons, grapes, berries, and vegetables of the usual kinds; Mineral, — . 

WASHINGTON COUNTY.— Population : white, 10,805: colored, 17,422; total. 
28.227. .Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $3,981,037; 1904, S4.313.440, Price 
of lands per acre: from $4.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers: white oak, poplar, hickory, 
chestnut, gum and yellow pine. Products:: .Agricultural: cotton, corn, oats, wheat, 




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Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 



99 



rye, barley, sorgluiin ami sugar-cane, ficld-pi-as, gromid-peas, and crab grass hay; Hor- 
ticultural: peaches, apples, pears, figs, berries, grapes, melons, cherries, and vegetables 
of all kinfls; .Mineral : pottery clay, sandstone and buhrstone. 

WAYNE COUNTY.— Population: white, 7,222; colored, 2^2-^ ; total, 9,449. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,706,892; 1904, $1,761,267. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.50 to $50.00. Forest timbers: Some hard woods, chiefly cypress, and 
large quantities of yellow pine. Products: Agricultural: Sea-island cotton, corn, oats, 
sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, crab-grass hay ; Horti- 
cultural: peaches, melons, berries, figs, pears, grapes and a great variety of vegeta- 
bles. Mineral : marls. 

WEBSTER COUNTY.— Population: white, 2,504; colored, 4.114; total, 6,618. 
Aggregate value of whole properly: 1903, $766,218; 1904, $802,026. Price of land per 
acre: from $4.00 to $25.00. Forest timbers: pine, poplar, ash, birch, tupelo. sweet and 
blackgum, hickory, black-jack, red, white and Spanish oaks. Products: .Agricultural: 
cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sugar-cane, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, 
ground-peas, chufas, hay from crab and crowfoot grasses ; Horticultural : peaches, ap- 
ples, plums, cherries, melons, grapes, figs, berries, and all kinds of vegetables; Mineral, 



WHITE COUNTY.— Population: white, 5,312; colored, 600; total, 5,912. Aggre- 
gate value of whole property: 1903, $662,627; 1904, $676,208. Price of land per acre: 
From $4 to $20.00. Forest timbers: pine, white, red, Spanish and post oaks, chestnut, 
hickory, cherry and walnut. Products : Agricultural : cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, 
barley, sorghum-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, hay from Ber- 
muda, crab and herd's grass, clover and pcavines; Horticultural: apples, peaches, plums, 
pears, cherries, grapes, melons, berries and every kind of vegetable. There are 
shipped in winter, large white cabbages, barrels of sauerkraut and luscious apples; Min- 
eral : gold and asbestos. 

WHITFIELD COUNTY.— Pojiulation: white, 12,683; colored, 1,826; total. 14,- 
509. -Vygrc^^ate value of whole property: 1903, $3,143,523; 1904, $3,253,007. Price of 
lands per acre : from $4.00 to $70.00. Forest timbers : oak, hickory, maple, poplar, 
cherry, walnut, beech, birch, persimmon, and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, 
corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, sorghum, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground- 
peas, crab grass hay, clover and pcavines; Horticultural: apples, peaches, pears, plums, 
cherries, grapes, melons, berries and all the varieties of vegetables; Mineral: iron, 
bauxite, manganese, silica, marble, sandstone, limestone and clay. 

WILCOX COUNTY.— Population: white, 6.893: colored. 4,204; total, 11,097. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,607,704: 1904, $1,778,020. Price of lands per 
acre: from $3.50 to $20.00. Forest timbers: some hardwoods including considerable 
cypress; also large quantities of yellow pin.'. Products: agricultural: cotton, corn, 
wheat, oats, rye, barley, sugar-cane, sorghum, Irish a^d sweet potatoes, field-peas, 
ground-peas, hay from crab grass and peavines : Horticultural : peaches, apples, pears, 
plums, cherries, figs, grapes, melons, berries, and all the usual vegetables: Mineral, clay. 

WILKES COUNTY.— Population: white, 6,423: colored, 14,443; total, 20,866. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,747,270; 1904, $2,824,930. Price of land 
per acre: from $4.00 to $60.00. Forest tnnbers: oak, hickory, poplar, sweet gum, 
cherry, maple, black-jack and pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, 
oats, rye, barley, sorghum and sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground- 
peas, crab and Bermuda grass hay. peavines and clover; Horticultural: apples, peach- 



loo Georgia's Resources and Advantages. 

es, pears, figs, cherries, grapes, melons, berries, and all varieties of vegetables; Min- 
eral: granite, quartz, some iron, gold and soapstone. 

WILKINSON COUNTY. — Population: white, 5,409; colored, 6,031; total, 11,440. 
Aggregate value of whole property: 1903, $1,168,881; 1904, $1,229,330. Price of lands 
per acre: from $3.50 to $30.00. Forest timbers: oak, hickory, gum, cypress, syca- 
more, and long-leaf pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sor- 
ghum, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, ground-peas, hay from crab- 
grass and peavines ; Horticultural : apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, figs, 
melons, berries and all garden products; Mineral, clay and rotten limestone. 

WORTH COUNTY.— Population : white, 10,252; colored, 8,412; total, 18.664. Ag- 
gregate value of whole property: 1903, $2,974,486; 1904, $3,247,122. Price of land per 
acre : from $4.00 to $40.00. Forest timbers : hickory, gum, cypress and long-leaf 
pine. Products: Agricultural: cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, upland rice, sorghum, su- 
gar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes, field-peas, ground-peas, chufas, hay from crab grass 
and peavines ; Horticultural : apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, figs, mel- 
ons, berries and all the usual vegetables; Mineral: clay, limestone, and sandstone. 

NOTE. — The returns of the following counties, giving the aggregate value of whole property 
for 1904. did not come in time to appear in this publication: Coffee, Franklin, Lowndes, Morgan. 
Richmond, Union and Uiieon. J. T. DERRY. 



INDEX 



PAUK. 

Abbeville 01 

Academy for the Blind 53 

Academy of Riihniond County 51 

Acwoith 31 

Adairsville 33 

A Field of Bioom Corn CLt 

Agate 53 

Agnes Scott Institute 45 

Agriculiure I'J. liO 

Agricultural .Miij) opposite page 10 

Allatoona 15, 35 

Alum. See Canton, Cherokee County . 35, 37 

Aluminum or Bauxite 21, 23, 29, 35 

Albany 59, (J5 

Alleghany Jlountair.s . 17, 18 

Alphabetical List ot Counties, with Popula- 
tion, products, etc G8-9'J 

Altamaha Basin 17 

Americus City 57, G3 

Amethysts 23 

Amicalola Falli 42 

Anchovy Shoals 51 

Andersonville 03 

Andrew Female College 03 

Apalachieola Basin 17 

Apples (see reports of counties) .... 1'.), 37 

Appling County lU. OS 

Area of Georgia 15 

Armuchee Valley 29, 33 

Artesian Wells 23, 25, ,sr> 

Asbestos 37. 39. 47. .">:! 

Ashburn (;;!, 05 

Asses 20 

Assessed Valuation of Property 20 

Athens 43, 49 

Atlanta 15, 18, 43, 45 

A Tobbacco Field 07 

Augusta 43. 51. ,"3. 55. .^!> 



B 



Balnbridge .".9. 05 

Baker County 05, 68 

Baldwin, .\braham 15 

Baldwin County 41. 49. .'i.3, 68 

Ball Grotird 40 

Banking Establishments 20 

Banks County 25. 37. .^9. 68 



PAGE. 

Haptist Orphans Home 45 

Barite 23 

Barley (See the report of products ot each 

county I 19 

Barnesville 53 

Bartow County . 31, 33, 08 

Bau.xite or Aluminum 21, 23. 29 35 

Beef Cattle 57 

Bees 21 

Bermuda Grass (see list of products of» 

each county) 19, 

Berrien County 01, 03, 08, 

Berrien, John McPherson 

Berries (see reports ot counties) 

Bethel Male College 

Beverly 

Bibb County 41, 53, 

Blackshear , 

Black Walnut 

Blakely 

Bleached Cotton Goods 

Blood Mountain 

Bloody Marsh 

Blue Ridge itown> 

Blue Ridge Mountains 

Bonded Debt 

Brick (enameled brick) 

Brooks County 05, 

Broom Corn (a field of I 

Broomtown Valley 18, 

Brunswick 17. 57, .59, 01, 

Bryan County 61, 

Buckwheat 

Buena Vista 

Buford 

Buhr 37, 4.5, 

Bulloch. Archibald 

Bulloch County 01, 

Burke County 59, 

Butts County ,53. 



51 
09 
15 
19 
03 
51 
69 
Gl 
20 
65 
25 
17 
57 
37 
17 
25 
23 
09 
GO 
33 
65 
69 
19 
03 
45 
59 
15 
09 
09 
09 



Cabbages 37 

Cairo 05 

Calhoun County 05. (59 

Calhoun (town) .'iS 

Camden County AS, 70 

Camilla 65 



INDEX- 



PAGE. 

Campbell County 47, 70 

Cane Creek Fall 4S 

Canton ito 

Carroll County 41, 47, 70 

CarroUton 50 

Cartersville 33 

Cassava 20, 57 

Cassville oO 

Catoosa County 33, 3S, 70 

Catoosa Springs 33 

Cattle 20 

Cattlg Kanges 57 

Cave Spring 31 

Cedartown 33 

Cedar Valley IS, 33 

Charitable Institutions 27 

Charlton County 01, 7J 

Chatham County 00, 02, 70 

Chattahoochee Courty 05, 70 

Chattooga County 33, 72 

Cherokee County 35, 37. 72 

Cherries (see reports ot counties j 10 

Chert 21 

Chestnuts 37, 41 

Chickamauga 15, 41 

Chickamauga Valley 29 

Chickens 21, 70 

Chinaware 23 

Chrome 37 

Chufas I'J 

Cities of Georgia, List of, with Population 

in 1900 30 

Clarke County 40, 72 

Clarke. Elijah l.'i 

Clarkesville 42 

Classic City (a name applied to Athens i .40 

Clay Belt 53 

Clay County 63. 72 

Clays 23 

Clayton County 47. 72 

Climate Belts 10, 19 

Clinch County 01, 72 

Clover (see the different counties) . . . . 19 

Coal 21. 23, 29-34 

Cobb Counnty 31, 33. 72 

Cobb Family 15 

Cochran <il 

Coffee County 01. 74 

Cohutta Range 17 

Cohutta Springs 35 

College Park 45 

Colquitt County 65, 74 

Columbia County 51, 53, 74 



Columbus I city) 43, 53, 55 

Commerce (or Harmony Grove) 49 

Commercial Orchards 20 

Conveniences 10 

Conyers 47 

Copper 23, 47 

Cordele 59, G3 

Corn Crop (see products of different coun- 
ties) 19, 20, 55 

Cornelia 41 

Corundum 21, 28 

Corundum Mine, Rabun County, Ga. . . 37, 42 
Cotton Crop (see also list of counties) 

19, 20, 55 

Cotton Factories 25 

Cotton Field 58 

Cotton Gins 25 

Cotton Oil Mills 25 

Covington (lown) 49 

Coweta County 47, 74 

Cowpeas (see reports ot counties) 19 

Cows 20 

Cox College 45 

Crawford family 15 

Crawford County 41. 05. 74 

Gumming 42 

Cuthbert 59. 03 

D 

Dade County 29, 74 

Dahlonega 37. 39 

Dairy Cows 20 

Dallas .3."> 

Dalton 31 

Darien 01 

Davis, Jefferson 51 

Dawson County 37, 39. 7-1 

Dawson (town) 59, 63 

Decatur County 05, 74, 75 

Decatur (town) 45 

DeKalb County 41. 4.5. 75 

Derry, J. T 3, 5 

Diamonds 23 

Digging Potatoes 83 

Dodge County Gl, 75 

Dome Mountain 17 

Dooly County 63. 75 

Dooly. John 15 

Dougherty County 05. 75 

Douglas County 41. 47. 75 

Drainage System 17 

Dublin 57, CI 

Ducks 21 



INDEX- 



PAGE. 

Karly County uri, "o 

Earthenware '-' 

Eastman 'il 

East Point . ^"' 

Eatonton ■'"•' 

Echols County "•"' 

Edgewood -••' 

Educiition -•>• -^ 

Effingham County "'> 

Elbert County . 41. r.l, Tr, 

Elbert, Samuel 1'' 

Elberton jl 

Electric Car Lines 27 

Emanuel County I>1. 70 

Emerson 30 

Emory College -i!' 

Empire State of the South origin of this 

title see Manufactures . 15. -"• 

Enameled Brick -1 

English Walnut 20 

Enota Mountain 17 

Experiment Station 5:', 

Extent of Georgia 17, IS 



Fall Line (see "Water Powers) 25 

Fannin County 35. ST, 70 

Fayette County -17. 70 

Fertilizer Factories 25 

Few. William l-j 

Field of Corn !)1 

Fitzgerald <■••! 

Flour Mills 25 

Floyd County .'il. 70 

Floyd. .lohn 15 

Forest Timbers (see also list of counties i . 21 

Forestry Map W» 

Forsyth (city) 50 

Forsyth County :!7. .".:i. 70. 7S 

Fort Gaines o:{ 

Fort Valley 01 

Foundries 25 

Franklin County :'.7. .10. 78 

Frederlca .57 

Fruits of Georgia . '■'- 

Fulton County ... 41. 43. 45. 7S 

I'"urman's Shoals 4!i 

Furnaces 25 

Furniture Factories 25 



PAGE. 

Gainesville -12 

Gathering Beans '''^ 

Geese -^ 

Geological Map of Georgia . Opposite page Oii 

Geology of Georgia 21. 23 

Georgia as a Whole 15-28 

Georgia — Coloaial Period. Revolutionary 
War. The War of ISl-J, Mexican War. 
Civil War. Spanish-American War, 15: 
Growth of. 10; Per Capita Wealth. ir>; 
Railroad Transportation. 10; \\ ater Trans- 
portation, li;. 17; Drainage System. 17; 
Extent and Topography. 17-l.S; Climate 
Belts. 18, 10. 

Georgia Medical College 51 

Georgia Military and Agricultural College . 4'J 
Georgia Normal School for Both Sexes ... 40 

Gilmer County 3.5. 37, 78 

Glascock County 53, 78 

Glynn County 01, 78 

Greiss 37. 45. 47. 51 

Gold (see al.so North Georgia .T2-44I . 21. 2.3. 20 

Good Country Roads 20 

Gordon County 35, 78 

Gordon Institute 53 

Gordon. John B 15 

Grady, Henry 15 

Granite (see Middle Georgia, 41-60; North 

Georgia. 20-41) 21. .37. 45, 47, 51 

Grantville 50 

Grapes ifee reports of counties) 10 

Graphite 21. U.l. 20 

Grasses (see alphabetical list of counties) 08-00 

Grassy Mountain 17 

Greene County 51. 78. 80 

Greensboro ^1 

Griffin 53 

Grist Mills 25 

Grourdpeas (or peanuts) (see also list of 

counties) 20 

Growth in Population . 15, 10 

Gwinnett. Button 15 

Gwinnett County 41. 4.5. 80 



H 



Habersham County 37.30. SO 

Hall County 37. .30. Sil 

Hall. Lyman 15 

Hancock County . . 53. 8(1 

Hapeville .... 45 

Haralson County 41. 47. 80 



INDEX 



PAGE. 

Harmony Grove 4',) 

Harris County 58, 80, 82 

Hart County 37, 30, 82 

Hartwell 3<) 

Harvesting Rye 30 

Harvesting Wiieat 24 

Hawltinsville 59. (Jl 

Hay (see reports of counties) 19 

Heard County 47, 82 

Henry County 47, 82 

Herd of Jer=eys 24 

Hiawassee 37 

Hiawassee Baptist College 37 

Highest Eievations 17 

High Falls of the Towaliga. Monroe Coun- 
ty. Ga .-)? 

H.gh Shoals 49 

Hill. Benjamin H 15 

Hogs Ill 

Horses 2n 

Houston County (il. S2 

Hydraulic Cement 29 

Hydraulic Mining at the Singleton Mine in 
Lumpkin County 31J 



I 



Icing Fruit Cars 06 

Indian Spring 53 

Irish Potatoes (see also list of counties) . . 19 
Iron (see also list of counties) 

21, 23, 29-34, 37. 39. 45. 47 

Iron Ore Mine near CartersvUle. Ga 4() 

Irwin County 03, 82 



.lackson. Andrew . . . 15 

Jackson County 41, 49, 82 

Jackson, James 15 

Jackson (town) 49, 53 

Jasper County 40. 82. 84 

Jefferson County 49, 59, 84 

Jesup 01 

Johnson County .59, 84 

Johnson Grass 19 

Jonesboro 15 

Jones County 41, 84 



K 



Kaolin 53 



PAGE. 
Kennesaw Marble Dressing Works, near Ma- 
rietta, Cobb County, Ga 44 

Kennesaw Mountain 15, 18 

L 

LaGrange 47 

Lanier, Sidney 15 

Last Confederate Cabinet Meeting 51 

Laurens County .59, 61, 84 

Lavonia 39 

Lawrenceville 45 

Lay's Ferry 35 

Lead 39 

Lee County 84 

Lemons 19 

Lewiston White Clay Bed. Jones County . (i2 

Liberty County 61. 84 

Limestone 21, 23, 29 

Lincoln County 51, 53, 84, 86 

Lindale 31 

Lithonia 45 

Little Tennessee Valley 19 

Longotreet. James 15 

Lookout Mountain 17. LS 

Lookout Valley 29 

Lost Mountain IS 

Louisvill? 59 

Lowndes County 65. Si\ 

•'Lowell of the South" 51 

Lucy Cobb Institute 49 

Lumber Industry 25 

Lumpkin County 37. 39. 86 

l.umpkin (town) 63 

Lyerly 33 

M 

McDuffie County 51, 53, 86 

Mcintosh County 61, 86 

Mcintosh, James 15 

Mcintosh. Lachlan 15 

McLeraore's Cove 29 

McRae 61 

Macon City 43, 53 

Macon County . 61, 63, 86 

Madison (city) 49 

Madison County '..... 41. 49, ,«6 

Magnesia (see Powder Spring) 34 

Magnetite 37 

Mail Facilities 26 

Manganese 21. 29, .37 

Manufactures 25 



INDEX- 



PAGE. 

Marble 21. 25, 2!), 31, 35, 37 1 

Marble Quarry in Pickens County, Ga. . . 40 \ 

Market Garden 57 i 

Marietta 31 

Marion County 21, CU, 88 

Marls 23 

Marshallville Ci3 

Menlo 33 | 

.Mertcr University 53 f 

Meriwether County 47, 88 ' 

Mica 23, 37, 47 j 

Middle Georgia 41-57 ' 

Milledgeville 41) I 

Miller County fi.'i. 88 

Corundum 37 \ 

Milion County -II. 45. 47. 88 

Mineral Map Opposite page 72 

Mineral Springs 23. 47 

Minerals (see also nnineral products of each 

county in alphabetical list of counties) 

(;s-!JO. 21. 23 

Mining in Georgia 21. 23 

Mining Iron Ore by use of Steam Shovel. 

rear Cedartown. Polk County, Ga. . . . 38 

Miscellaneous Vegetables . 19 , 

Mitchell County G5, 88 [ 

Mora Peak 17 

Monoliths of Georgia Marble 2L> 

Monroe County 53, 88 

Monroe Female College 53 I 

Monroe (town) 41) [ 

Montgomery County Gl. 88 

Montezuma (!3 

Monticello 4!) 

Moonstones 23 

Morgan County 4!). 88. 90 

Morganton .37 

Moultrie 59. fi5 

Mount de Sales Academy 53 

Mules 20 

Murray County 35. 90 

Muscogee County 41. 53. .5.5. 90 

N 

Nacoochee Valley in. 12 ' 

Nantahela Mountain 17 i 

Natural Dam on Big Potato Creek, Upson 

County. Ga 52 

New Hope Church 15, .35 , 

Newnan 47 

Newton County 49. 90 

Normal and Industrial School for Young 

Ladies 49 



PAGE. 

North Augusta 53 

North Georgia 1:9-41 

North Georgia Baptist College 37 

O 

Oakland City 45 

Oat Field 32 

Oats (see different counties) . 19 

Ochlockonee Basin 17 

Ochre 29, 37 

Oconee County 49, 90 

Ocean Steamship Company's Wharf, 

Savannah 98 

Oconee Springs 52 

Ogeechee Basin 17 

Oglethorpe County 51, 90 

Oglethorpe (town) (>3 

Okefinokee Swamp 17, 21 

Onion Field 89 

Oostenaula Valley 35 

Oranges 19 

Orchard Grass 19 

Orphan Home of North Georgia Conferencs 45 
Oxford 49 

P 

Paulding County 3.5, 9!i, 92 

Peach Crop (see reports of counties) 19, 20, 57 

Peachtrees 19, 20, 32. 57. (>1 

Peachtree Creek 15 

Peanuts (see reports of counties) 20 

Pears (see reports of counties) 19 

Peavines (see reports of counties) 55 

Peavine Valley 29 

Pecans 20, 31. ,53, 05 

Penfleld 51 

Pepperton 53 

Perry 61 

Phosphates 23 

Pickens County 35, 37. 92 

Pickett's Mill 35 

Picking Pears 81 

Picking Tomatoes 77 

Pierce County Gl. 92 

Pierce. George F 15 

Pike County 53, 92 

Pine Hill Belt 21 

Pine Mountain 18 

Pine Mountains 55 

Plre — Long-leaf (see reports of counties) . 21 

Pitch 25 

Placer Mining on Coosa Creek, near Blalrs- 
' llle. Union County, Ga. . . 34 



INDEX- 



PAGE. 

Plumbago 37, 53 

Political Divisions 28 

Polk County 33, 92 

Pomegranates 57 

Population ot Georgia 28 

Population of Towns in Georgia 28 

Porcelain 23 

Potatoes (see also list of counties and their 

products) I'j 

Pottery Clay 59 

Poultry 20, 21 

Powder Spring 31 

Price of Lands in Georgia (see also list of 

counties) 07 

Pulaski County 64, 92 

Putnam County 49, 92 

Pyrite 23, 47 

Q 

Quartz 45, 51 

Quartzites 21 

Quitman County 63, 94 

Quitman (town) 59, 05 



R 



Rabun, Bald Mountain 17 

Kabun County 37, 39, 94 

Rainfall 18 

Rain Map Opposite page SO 

Railroads 16, 26, 27 

Randolph County 63, 94 

Red Top 19 

Reinhardt Normal College 37 

R. E. Lee Institute 55 

Religion 27 

Resaca 15, 35 

Resin or Rosin 25 

Rice 18, 57 

Richland 63 

Richmond County 51, 94 

Ringgold 15, 33, 35 

Roads 27 

Rockdale County 47, !)4 

Rockmart 36 

Rocky Face Ridge . 17 

Rome 17, 31 

Roswell 31 

Royston 39 

Rubies 23 

Rye (see list of counties) 19 



S 

PAGE. 

Saint Simon's Island 57 

Saint Simon's Sound 57 

Sand and Pine Hills Belt 21 

Sandersville 50 

Sandstones 21, 29 

Sapphires 23 

Satilla and St. Mary's Basin 17 

Savannah 15, 57, 59, 65 

Savannah Basin 17 

Schists 21 

Schley County . •. 94 

Screven County . 61, 94, 95 

Sea Island Cotton 16 

Serpentine 37 

Seville 61 

Sewer Pipes 23 

Shales 21 

Sheep 20. 29 

Sheep Ranges 57 

Shell Bluff 59 

Shippli;g Melons 93 

Shorter College 31 

Silk 27 

Siloam 51 

Silver 39 

Sitting Bull 11 

Slate 21. 39 

Slate Quarry 33 

Social Circle 49 

South Georgia 57 

South Georgia College 05 

Spalding County .53, 95 

Spanish American War 15 

Sparta 53 

Spring Place 35 

State Capitol, Atlanta, Ga 2 

State Government 9. 28 

State House Officers 9 

State Sanitarium 49 

Stephens, Alexander 15 

Stevens, O. B 3. 13 

Stevens' Pottery 49 

Stewart County (>?,. 95 

Stock Raising 20. 21 

Stone Mountain 45 

Sugar Cane 19. 55, 57 

Sugar Cane Field 04 

Sulphur Water 34 

Summerville, Chattooga County 33 

Summerville, Richmond County 51, 53 

Superior Court — Circuits, Judges and Solic- 
itors 9 



INDEX- 



PAGK. 

Sumter County G3. !)5 

Supreme Court — Justices 'J. L'S 

Suwannee Basin IT 

Sweet Potatoes (see reports of counties) . 1!) 
Swine 20, 2!) 



Talbot County -11, 55, 'Jo 

Talbotton 55 

Talc 21, 37 

Taliaferro County 53, U5 

Tallapoosa (town) 47 

Tallulah Falls 37, 39 

Tallulah Mountain 17 

Tate .■i7 

Tattnall County 01, 95 

Tax Rate 25 

Taylor County 65, 95 

Taylor's Ridge 18, 33 

Telfair County 61, 9(! 

Temperature of Georgia lG-1!) 

Tennessee Basin 17 

TennlUe 59 

Terra Cotta 23 

Terrell County 03. 96 

Terrell. Joseph M 9 

Texas Valley IS 

Thomas County 65, 96 

Thomaston 51, 55 

Thomasville 59, 65 

Thomson 51 

Tifton 63 

Timothy Grass 19 

Title Page 3 

Tobacco 57 

Tobacco Field 67 

Toci-oa 4'i 

Toombs. Robert 15. 51 

Topography of Georgia 17. IS 

Towns of Georgia, with Population .... 2S 

Towns County 37. 39. 96 

Transportation Facilities 11 

Tray Mountain 17 

Trion 33 

Troup County .50. 96 

Truck Farms 57 

Turkeys 21 

Turpentine 25 

Twiggs County !53, .59. 96 

Twiggs. John 15 



U 

P.A.GE. 

Union County 37, ,j9. 97 

I'niversity of Georgia 49 

I'pson County 41, 51, 55, 97 

V 

Valdosta 59. 05 

Vann's Valley l.S 

Vegetables (see reports of counties) . ... 19 

Vienna 63 

View on Augusta Canal — Large Cotton Mill 

and Confederate Obelisk .55 

Villa Rica 50 

Vina Vista 47 

Vineville 53 

Vineyards 47, 55 

W 

Wagon Roads 26 

Waleska 37 

Walker County 29, 97 

U alker, \\. H. T. . 15 

Walnuts, Black 19 

Walnuts. English 19 

Walton County 49. 97 

Walton. George 15 

Ware County 01. 97 

Warren County 53. 97 

Warrenton 53 

Washington County 59. 97, 98 

Washington (town) 51 

Watermelons 20 

Water Powers 25, 51, 55 

Water Transportation 16. 17 

Waycross 57, ."9, 61 

Wayne County 61. 9.S 

Waynesboro ."9 

Wealth per Capita 16 

Webster County t!S. 9S 

Wesleyan Female College 53 

West Point ' 47 

Wheat (see the different counties) . . . . 55 

Wheeler. Joseph 15 

White County 37. 39. 9S 

White Oak Mountains 18 

White Plains 51 

Whitlield County 31. 9S 

Wilcox County 61, 9S 

Wilkes County 51, 98, 90 

Wilkinson County 59. 99 

Wineries ; 4" 



IXDEX, 



PAGE. 

Witch's Head at Tallulah Falls, Rabun 

County, Ga 50 

Woolen Mills 25 

Worth County G3, G5, 99 

Wright, Robert F 3, 7 

Wrightsville 59 

Yellow Loam Region 21 

Yona Mountain IT 

Young Female College 05 

Young Harris 37 

Young Harris College 37 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

A Field of Broom Corn 60 

Agricultural Map opposite page 10 

Artesian well at Albany, Ga S.j 

A Tobacco Field (JT 

Cane Creek Falls, near Dahlonega. Lump- 
Kin County, Ga. 48 

Chicken Houses and Runs 71 

Corundum Mine, Rabun County 42 

Cotton Field 58 

Derry, J. T 3, 5 

Digging Potatoes 83 

Field of Con. 91 

Forestry Map opposite page 88 

Gathering Beans 79 

Geological Map opposite page 96 

Harvesting Rye 30 

Harvesting Wheat -- 

Herd of Jerseys 24 



PAGE. 



High Falls of the Towaliga, Monroe Coun- 
ty, Ga 

Houses and Runs for Berkshire Hogs . . . . 

Hydraulic Mining at the Singleton Mine i;i 
Lumpkin County 

Icing Fruit Cars 

Iron Ore Mine near Cartersville, Ga. . . . 

Kennesaw Marble Dressing Works, near Ma- 
rietta, Cobb County. Ga 

Lewiston White Clay Bed, Jones County, Ga. 

Marble Quarry in Pickens County, Ga. . . . 

Mineral Map opposite page 

Mining Iron Ore by Use of Steam Shovel, 
near Cedartown. Polk County, Ga. . . . 

Natural Dam on Big Potato Creek, Upson 
County, Ga. . 

Oat Field 

Onion Field 

Picking Pears 

Picking Tomatoes 

Placer Mining on Coosa Creek, near Blairs- 
ville. Union County. Ga 

Scene in Peach Orchard . 

Shipping Melons 

Rain Map opposite page 

State Capitol 

Stevens. 0. B 3. 

Sugar Cane Field 

Terrell. Jos. M 

View on Augusta Canal — Large Cotton Mill 
and Confederate Obelisk 

Witch's Head at Tallulah Falls, Rabun 
County, Ga 

Wright, R. F 3. 



til; 
41; 



(Vi 
40 



38 



35 
89 
81 



34 

87 
9 J 
81 
;i 
11 

04 
9 



^Cr 10 19C5 





014 418 728 



